{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":14,"pdf_page":34,"physical_index":34,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b13f07fd24cef8df9d56cc9bcc3b2374a4633627cf0bf044e25b40b609fc52b9"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"批判的力场(Kraftfeld)在两方面受到限制。批判必须面对其接受者证明自身正当，若批判命中其接受者，批判就还要同时能够反对其接受者的自身理解。内与外，内在与超越的批判思维模式要对这两个方向的交叉负责。蒂洛·韦舍(TiloWesche)把批判描述为一种正当实践，它与诸如思维习惯和感知扭曲的抗阻相对立。对应于错误、强迫构想和简单化指引的区分，我们也可以区分三种批判，即反思型、治疗型和描述型，在其中，内与外以有效的方式交织。媒体上批判一种现代性落后于其幸福和自由的承诺，这主要是描述型批判。\n\n朱迪斯·巴特勒(JudithButler)在她讨论福柯联系批判和德性的论文中强调了内与外的脆弱平衡。要批判性远离标准认识方式，只能扎根于，同时又超出这些认识方式。批判试图追问其在这种行为中必须回溯至的有效确定性。这种对自身认识论确定性的怀疑因而需要准备面对风险、危害和损害安全性。这种自身转型并不是作为一种认识论态度或认识行为，而是作为一种忍受不确定性的生活实践发生的。对不安全平衡的实践承受能力是福柯称为“存在的技艺”并用以辩护批判与德性，与伦理实践同化的主要标志。\n\n14\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":13,"next_page":15}