{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":140,"pdf_page":160,"physical_index":160,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"a8540765dec68ea8dcd0337409b5355b6d477f9a0c4c4798e04c385f12bc2ada"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"而去争取人类体面的社会形式。\n\n不过这种社会批判理论中的乌托邦成分可以通过不同的方式加以说明。在某些理论中，关于善好社会的主导性的想法与它所面向的受众实际的规范性期待之间存在的距离是如此之大，以至于他们面临着丧失改变社会的动力(Motivationskraft)的危险。霍克海默和阿多诺的《启蒙辩证法》中认可了这一断裂。①在某些情况中出现了“糟糕的乌托邦主义”这样的说法。在另一些理论中，关于善好社会的主导性的想法被揭示为理性的有待实现的计划，这种计划的实现之时就是人类历史的开放性和人类意志的创造性与自由得到否定之时。这就是以赛亚·伯林在反对乌托邦的一般想法时所提出的指责。②在这些情况中会出现“目的论”(Finalismus)这样的说法。为了避免碰到糟糕的乌托邦主义和目的论的危险，一方面，我为某种乌托邦的想法辩护，在这种乌托邦想法中，关于善好社会的任何想法与其受众实际的规范性期待联系在一起；另一方面，对于我所提出的乌托邦的想法而言，这种乌托邦并非被理解为某种具体社会形式有待实施的草图，而是被理解为某种想象的规划。这样一种想象的规划与其说是一份建筑图纸，倒不如说是一种文学的虚构(Fiktion)。作为想象的规划，乌托邦并不提供关于成功生活的具体建议，而是承担世界启示(WelterschlieBung)和伦理定向的功能。①我稍后还要回到这一方面。\n\n① Max Horkheimer und Theodor W. Adorno, Dialektik der Au fklärung. Philosophísche Fragmente, in: Theodor W. Adorno, Gesammelte Schri ften, Band 3, Frankfurt/M. 1997.\n\n② Isaiah Berlin, » Georges Sorel «, in: ders. , Against the Current, Oxford 1989, S. 296-332.\n\n140\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":139,"next_page":141}