{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":165,"pdf_page":185,"physical_index":185,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"d9cda929b2f6a2ae541a5a7c36b0508cac577aab64d679efb3dd21df3d8eb102"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"三\n\n那么，在何种意义上批判理论是批判性的？马克斯。霍克海默在1937年所写的文章《传统理论与批判理论》中说：\n\n它(批判性思维)要达到的目标，这个理性的境况，却建立在当下的困境(Not)中。但是在这个困境中，克服困境的图景却尚未显现。批判性思维所筹划的理论，不是在为一种已经现成的实在性而服务的意义上运作的；这种理论只是在说出它(批判性思维)的秘密。①\n\n这里有两种相互对立的境况，一种当下困境的境况，和一种理性的境况，后者更多在将来登场。理论，在此更确切地说是批判理论，筹划了理性境况的图景。批判理论仅仅在如下情况中筹划理性境况的图景，即它并不是在当下的境况中，将理性境况的图景认作某种当下境况在概念中要变成的东西或者认作某种它看上去要变成的东西，就像在天气预报中一样。但是理论筹划着理性境况的图景，它并不狭隘地抱怨自己的缺席，也不像传统理论那样，记录下某种造成这一可悲当下境况的事实(Tatsachen)。理论把理性的境况纳入视野之中。①\n\n① Max Horkheimer, »Traditionelle und Kritische Theorie«, in: ders., Kritische Theorie, hg. von A. Schmidt, Frankfurt/ M.1977,S. 549.\n\n批判，以及它如何可能变得更好\n\n165","previous_page":164,"next_page":166}