{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":168,"pdf_page":188,"physical_index":188,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"63a5fec446740d701e14bc0c8d95afde9fe3fbcbe1285fe7a52ac3a912bf5ccd"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"追随霍克海默的那些作者，似乎并不像他一样对此毫不在意。他们提出了两种论证。一种利用康德来反柏拉图化(Entplatonisierung)。如果人们能够展示，每个语言参与者(Sprachteilnehmer)都默许特定的行为原则，或者自由平等的人们在特定理想条件下，能够选择这些原则作为他们社会生活的规则，那么理性的社会境况就不再仅仅是一种设想，而是某种人们已经确认的东西——不管人们是否知道这一点。或者也可能是第二种情况，即它是仅当人们作为理性人时已确认的原则。哈贝马斯(J. Habermas)在后期使用了这个论证，他部分地基于卡尔-奥托·阿佩尔(Karl-Otto Apel)的解释，并且把法兰克福学派的核心动机与约翰·罗尔斯(JohnRawls)及其弟子的理论紧密结合起来。这种在此期间广为流行的做法是如此超前，但实际上并没有太大理论前景。说到语言参与者对于特定行为原则的沉默赞同，如下观点无疑并不是真实的：他们达成了相关协议。不同的作者都曾写过理想的选择情境(Wahlsituationen)涉及的内容，在他们的陈述中，自由和平等的人们在理想的条件下会选择这些原则作为共同生活的规则。这种陈述对如下断言——这些原则是理性的——而言，只不过是一种烦琐的说法。由此我们再次回到了霍克海默对理性原则力量的天真信任，并借此在理性之物展现时认识它们。\n\n① Max Horkheimer, »Traditionelle und Kritische Theorie«, in: ders. , Kritische Theorie, hg, von A. Schmidt, Frankfurt/ M.1977, S.550.\n\n168\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":167,"next_page":169}