{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":186,"pdf_page":206,"physical_index":206,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"14fde54d34bf6e576be7f51c131a8bc9be49205aaccdad834bd8be3656eba8f3"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"因此，侵犯尊严的核心现象不是缺乏过上“适合人类生存”的生活的必要手段，而是有意识地侵犯一个人的道德地位，这一道德地位为现有关系或具体行动承担正当理由；核心现象是为了合法化的目的而“消失”①，是在没有充分正当理由的情况下被统治，从而被支配。从社会排斥到身体折磨，这或多或少包含着一些激烈的形式。然而，从结构上来说，它们在核心上是一致的，即一个人在平等的基础上获得辩护的权利，或者更准确地说，获得对等辩护的权利被否定。一般来说，承认一个人的尊严意味着在关系到这个人的基本问题上不被忽视。\n\n三\n\n人的尊严这个概念的含义也被其历史所彰显。被赋予尊严的人，无论是基于内心的坚韧，如斯多亚派②，还是参照城邦自由公民的地位，如共和主义，都是不受未经授权的法规统治的个体。换言之，个体自己决定自己，无论从人格上还是政治上(在西塞罗那里，两者皆是如此）。①无论是在人的行动中还是在如何被对待的问题上，“不受任意支配的自由”(Freiheit vonWillkür)，都是尊严的原始内涵。它意味着能够行动，并被承认为一个被赋予平等权利和辩护义务的实体(Wesen)。\n\n① 对此的文学化表达可参见：Ralph Ellison，InvisibleMan, New York 1994.\n\n②塞涅卡对真正高贵的人和努力的对待，参见：Briefe an Lucilius, in: ders., Philosophische Schriften III, hg. von O. Apelt, Wiesbaden 2004, 44, u. 47. Brief.\n\n186\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":185,"next_page":187}