{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":188,"pdf_page":208,"physical_index":208,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"ab4b9da7223c7aa684321bf2f31f21d4f971af05af807f90ee2517333e88de1f"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"从系统的角度来看，从宗教角度辩护对人的尊重有这样的缺陷：一方面，它只能在完整的意义上针对那些承认他人是按照上帝的形象创造的人，因此只能针对虔诚的人，所以无神论者尤其无法理解为什么人权具有真正的有效性。①除了对施与尊重的群体的限制外，这样的理由也潜在地限制了被尊重者的群体。例如，无神论者对道德和法律基础的持续否定和破坏是否应该被容忍，以及为什么应该被容忍，这似乎是一个公开的问题。因此，以宗教为基础的人权归因，即使它以普遍主义的概念运作，也不能实现这些权利所提出的跨越具有严格约束力的宗教界限的普遍主义主张。\n\n①关于这一立场的明确说明，见：Robert Spaemann，” Über den Begriff der Menschenwürde« , in: E. -W. Böckenförde und R. Spaemann (Hg. ), Menschenrechte und Menschenwürde, Stuttgart 1987，S.295-313，hier：S. 313.斯佩曼(R. Spaemann)为“无神论 彻底剥夺了人类尊严的合理性”的观点辩护。\n\n188\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":187,"next_page":189}