{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":194,"pdf_page":214,"physical_index":214,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"d2d7909a854f04ebe451712ecf5374f60cd2e61775165c708ea66155bba41e4d"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"意识形态的概念可以在这种背景下重新表述。意识形态是对统治或支配关系的辩护，它们通过扭曲理性的空间，将统治或支配关系说成是“自然的”(不可改变的）、“上帝赐予的”，或以某种其他方式错误地说成是充分正当的，从而使自己免受重大挑战。因此，它们免除了当权者为自已辩护的努力，并提供了有力的解释，防止了批评的出现。对“意识形态幻象”的分析并不需要任何成问题的“真正利益”概念，而是需要理解其满足受到阻碍的对等辩护的有效性要求。\n\n六\n\n人的尊严的观念是一种被赋予了辩护权利的存在，这一观点使得解决和化解这样一种反对意见成为可能，即所涉及的道德自主的核心概念是一个纯粹的“西方”的、不可普遍化的概念这是文化内在性与批判超越性的普遍问题的一个具体方面。\n\n第一，我们必须牢记伦理自主和道德自主的区别。尊重人的尊严意味着不否认任何人获得辩护的道德权利；但这并不意味着只有“自主选择”的生活(无论这具体意味着什么)才是“美好”的生活。纯粹从概念上来说，从有损人格的家长式统治生活中解放出来是一回事，美好的生活是另一回事。因此，到目前为止提出的论点不涉及任何具体的生命伦理形式的概念或任何关于美好生活的断言。例如，意识形态叙事可以通过对“美好生活”的具体概念和实现来发挥其力量。对这种叙事的批判可以采取伦理批判的形式；但是，伦理批判也应该受到批评，主要是因为它们限制了个人或特定群体的正当性权威。\n\n194\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":193,"next_page":195}