{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":200,"pdf_page":220,"physical_index":220,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"41d78d130177c02ddccce98ffbb3f42136a9403cc97d528985c2f46ec275f44b"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"总而言之，从结构上来说，所有这些批判性语言都包含一个核心的反身性习语(Idiom)，即一个能够要求和提供辩护的自主存在的尊严；这就是正义的习惯用法，它首先不批评某个特定的制度或分配或其他什么，而是以更激进的方式，批评辩护秩序的整个结构。引用霍克海默的话：“那是正义概念的普遍内容；根据这一概念，在任何给定时间普遍存在的社会不平等需要一个合理的辩护。它不再被认为是好的，而变成了应该被克服的东西。”②正义和辩护之间的联系是内在的：从对等和普遍的角度来看不充分的辩护的关系就是不公正的，而那些系统地阻碍了辩护本身实践的关系更是极其不公正的。结束这些关系是正义驱动历史斗争的最强动力；而“尊严”一词在这些斗争中占据了核心位置。它们旨在创造一种社会结构，在这种结构中，个人能够认识到自己是自主的，尤其在政治意义上，个人是对他们有约束力的机构和法律的共同创造者。\n\n① 参见：Rainer Forst,Toleranz im Konflikt,Frankfurt/ M.2003, § 15.\n\n② Max Horkheimer, » Materialismus und Moral «, in: Zeitschrift für Sozial forschung2, 1933, S. 162-197, hier; S. 187f.\n\n200\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":199,"next_page":201}