{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":221,"pdf_page":241,"physical_index":241,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"7d4af47c56254945bd959c1083a4548f76ce7b0d536d894a412e86ca9ace0ba7"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"“资产阶级的乐观主义”在二十世纪仍有其力量，正如哲学家乔纳森·李尔和弗兰克·拉姆齐分别提出的两条论证路线显示的那样，这两条路线都完全摒弃了形而上学。在《爱及其在大自然中的位置》一书中，乔纳森。李尔提出从童年发展出发的视角，正如温尼科特和斯皮茨等心理学家所分析的那样。就任何一个人类个体发展成为一个成熟的、具有正常语言和行为能力的人而言，这表明他成长的环境“足够好”，允许这一成熟过程的发生。这里的“环境”不仅仅是指物理和生物环境，还包括情感条件。因此，任何事实上已经成功达到理性的成熟状态的人，都有理由对他的环境抱有一种偶然的、非形而上学的乐观态度；如果环境太差，他就不会有能力把握到这一点。①\n\n① Immanuel Kant, »Über das Mißlingen aller philosophischen Versuche in der Theodizee«, in: ders. , Schri ften zur Anthropologie, Geschichtsphilosophie, Politik und Pädagogik 1, hg.von W.Weischedel, Frankfurt/M. 1977,S. 105-124.\n\n资产阶级哲学和“批判”概念\n\n221","previous_page":220,"next_page":222}