{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":24,"pdf_page":44,"physical_index":44,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"a13ef7e3a148f4f537086fcf624880fceb912a3beb7824c349ee21cc5f6a42a6"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"我们在一开始大致提到了那种对社会进行理论性反思的社会性冲动，现在我们能更确切地将它表述为这样一种感觉，即主体的“世界情景”以及成功的生活方式的可能性由于社会状况的改变被触动，甚至被威胁。作为一门科学的社会学产生的时机不是偶然的，现代化的进程显而易见地支配了人们直接的生活条件。在19世纪向20世纪的过渡中，伴随着工业化和城市化的进程，趋向于理性化、分化、民主化和个体化的基本现代倾向(简单说来就是社会加速的倾向)已经超出了话语的层面，并且整体性地改变了现代的生活形式。①\n\n从马克思到涂尔干、从韦伯到西美尔或者滕尼斯，他们的经典研究的一个共同点在于，它们都始于对生活条件的剧烈改变进行观察，并导向“古代”社会与“现代”社会之间的对立。我们可以在所有社会学学科的奠基者那里发现这种对立。此外，关于这些改变倾向对人们的生活方式带来的后果，经典研究都表达了一种深深的忧虑。在马克思和韦伯那里分别体现为异化和祛魅，在涂尔干、滕尼斯和西美尔那里分别体现为失范、社会解体和真正的个体性的消失。在经典著作的社会批评维度中始终存在着对几乎“不可见的”自由丧失状态的畏惧，这种状态掩藏在现代人冠冕堂皇的自由主义及其“坚硬的外壳”之下；他们的畏惧也指向一种掩人耳目的意义丧失状态，这是个体得以进行自我规定的同时收获的另一面。\n\n① Hartmut Rosa, David Strecker und Andrea Kottmann, Soziologische Theorien, Konstanz 2007, Kapitel 1.\n\n24\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":23,"next_page":25}