{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":252,"pdf_page":272,"physical_index":272,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"0b6f4523fb5d19189e1e3ceff08d80f42dc4c6298e8e7ac87907a41cd02bfd89"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"根据契合(Eingespieltheit)的状况，信念改变着它们不被批判渗透以及坚决抵制反对意见的程度。无论错误能够多么顽固地扎根，揭示和订正知识的可能性从一开始就从未封闭过。对于错误的批判，其基本可理解性在于：不可靠的知识总是相关于自身可错性和批判需要(Kritikbedürftigkeit)的知识。在避免错误的案例中，批判和被批判者分享了共同的知识兴趣。这种避免错误的兴趣，必然不是首先被批判唤起的。因为它恰恰是这样一种认识趋向，其目标不存在于错误中；它在错误中否定性地显现为一种有效的，尽管未被实现的兴趣。因此，内部和外部的交叉在反思中有着收敛(Konvergenz)的形态。在反思中，一种统一的知识兴趣收敛着，这种兴趣不仅关心着批判，而且关心着其对象，即表象性的知识。在这一共同前提下，两种进一步的批判形式①并不能得到支撑。\n\n五、治疗性的批判\n\n精神治疗的对话构成了作为治疗的批判的模型。在其中，进行治疗的医生扮演着批判者的角色，他以规范性的方式获得对行动的理解，但在行动者面前，行动的意义却一直保持着伪装。这种误解①的原因并不在知识的本性，而在于一种保护性的、对于一种心理现实(psychischen Realität)的抵抗，这种心理现实威胁着已经不活跃的人格形象。行动的原因一直被伪装，因为它的意识被驱往一种稳定的心灵生活，并被强迫着实行“对自我的保护”。②假象在这里作为强制观念出现，只要它在心灵的苦难前保持着保护中的动机地位。被这种苦难和对它的抵抗支配着，以至于自身的需要、愿望和动机都变得模糊不清，自我就“不再是自己家里的主人”。③\n\n①指治疗的批判和展示的批判。译者注\n\n252\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":251,"next_page":253}