{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":262,"pdf_page":282,"physical_index":282,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"6a2b190a1981ea22be07d3f271347f72f9e0ffe04c09d8c3c21307cca2cad478"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"八、作为对话性展示活动的批判\n\n当被削减为只具有进行逃避的反思功能或者对错误的修正时，对话中蕴含的批判潜力就被低估了。相反，当批判被相信能够使人立刻摆脱对交流的严格拒绝，并且使人们进入相互对话时，它又被高估了。如果正确地理解，那么对话性批判的目标在于，在交谈内部采取一种对批判的开明态度。它是被如下问题触发的：如何通过对话、在谈话中实现批判的可通达性？如果有人满足于简单的答案，并且对于反对意见采取封闭态度，那么我们能对他说些什么？\n\n哈贝马斯的交往理论基于三个理由，对于我们理解批判和对话的关系富有教益。第一，将理性从心灵领域向交往实践转移，以言语行为理论的方式确定语言的行动特征。它作为一种理想化(Idealisierung)，总是已经被参与者在话语实践中实际地相互假定了。①第二，嵌人日常生活中的理性包含了一种对错误的避免，正如“批判自欺的力量”所体现的。②自欺、对自己的不真诚和简单化都是同一种现象(减轻认知负担)的名称，它与(用哈贝马斯的话来说)真诚性(Wahrhaftigkeit)和无偏见性相对立。第三，交谈获得了“自我超越的批判性潜能”。③交谈依靠自身的力量修正了对于其有效性诉求的拒斥。\n\n262\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":261,"next_page":263}