{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":274,"pdf_page":294,"physical_index":294,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"77da0f22f4b266d27d9af0ad2c6b196660eb4c7de22a5d8b421f5848da36a698"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"对于威廉斯而言，批判的实践也不能还原为判断(及其表达)。阿多诺显然也说出了完全相同的话，当他谈及某种“危险”的时候：“归属性地（subsumierend)、不恰当地、指令性地对精神产品(Gebilde)作出判断，以及将其赤裸裸地包含在某种发挥作用的权力组群(Machtkonstellationen)中，而精神(Geist)的职责就是要看清后者。”②揭穿“权力组群”的任务由于轻率的判断这一典型的批判方式而失败。对阿多诺而言，这恰恰将批判者的判断程序(Verfahrens)与其被给予的社会世界相分离，而这一步就使判断程序所获得的结果失效，意味着“对实践的放弃(Enthaltung)”。关于批判者，阿多诺写道：“这就是他的主权，对对象提出更深知识的诉求，将其实际的概念通过脱离判断而分割出去，削弱这种实事的现实形态，这样的文化批判似乎就依赖于被展示的一系列理念(Ideen)并且对这些孤零零的范畴…产生了恋物癖。”①因此批判必须像阿多诺所理解的那样成为实践的一部分，范畴是如何建立起来的，知识的领域如何加以整理以及被范畴压制成似乎本身就具有封闭性的东西如何重新回来。判断对于两位思想家而言都是某种方式和方法，将某种特殊的东西归属到事先构造好的范畴之下，而批判就是要追问范畴这一领域是如何完成这种闭合性的构造的(verschlieBendenKon-stitution)。对福柯而言，思考自由的问题和实际超越判断的普遍性伦理格外重要：批判性的思考就要呈现这样的尝试。\n\n① Raymond Williams, Keywords, New York 1976, S.76.\n\n② Theodor W. Adorno, » Kulturkritik und Gesellschaft «, in: ders. , Prismen, Frankfurt/M 1973, S. 23.\n\n274\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":273,"next_page":275}