{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":283,"pdf_page":303,"physical_index":303,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"5ae32f774fb0b1bfd7c04f2442db10c62c2f429f4ec3142295f28c5c1a3b2194"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"随“生存艺术”这一概念一起引人的是福柯对“有意向和自愿的实践”的引人和强调，特别是“每种实践并不只是为人们确定行为规则，而是让人们在某种特别的存在中加以改变，并且试图将其生活制作成作品”②。这一生活并没有简单地遵守某种道德规则或规范，被视为被型塑的、已经完成的自我适应于某种事先被给予的规则形式。而是自我本身按照这样的规则形成、处于其中并获得具身化，但是在自我塑造意义上的这一规范并不是外在的原则。福柯所说的并不是社会或“意识形态”的行为方式或理念，他关心的是“某种问题化，在其中存在本身并不能视为被思考的东西，而是从其中形成的某种实践”③。\n\n很难完全把握这一诉求，但是他进一步指出，处理某个时代某些确定的问题的实践方式可以产生某种稳定的本体论作为其结果，而且这一本体论领域限制了我们对可能的东西的理解。只有借助这种在一系列实践中确立起来的支配性的本体论视域，我们才能理解已经形成和有待形成的道德规则的关联方式。比如，福柯致力于详细地研究各种禁欲(Enthaltsamkeit)的实践，而且他将其与男子气概(maskulinem)主体的某种生产方式结合起来。禁欲的实践并没有证明为仅仅是某种固定的禁忌，而是服务于塑造某种明确的自我形式。更准确地说，自我的生产本身就是主体的某种特殊形式，这一自我是代表禁欲美德的行为规则的具身化。这一自我-生产(Selbst-Erzeugung)“是某种表现其权限和发挥其自由的活动的成型化(Erarbeitung)和形态化(Stilisierung)”①。没有阻抑快感本身(perse)的实践，只有快感自身的某种实践，某种在道德经验的语境下的快感的实践。\n\n① Michel Foucault, Was ist Kritik?,Berlin 1982,S. 18.\n\n② Michel Foucault, Was ist Kritik?,Berlin 1982, S. 18.\n\n③ Michel Foucault, Was ist Kritik?, Berlin 1982. S. 19.\n\n什么是批判\n\n283","previous_page":282,"next_page":284}