{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":288,"pdf_page":308,"physical_index":308,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"f4ed097aa0a10f53283d07bd8606a11a3010feb748588d538b93054aa1e9fca5"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"这就成为“批判态度”②及其特殊美德的标志。对福柯而言，这一问题同时开启了某种道德和政治的态度，“不被统治的艺术，即不以某种方式或为了某种代价而受统治”③。福柯也为我们刻画了这里所涉及的美德，它与对权力的强制及其代价、权力实施的形式及其实施者的拒绝相关。人们可以尝试相信，福柯这里只是刻画了某种反对(Widerstand)，但是这里“美德”取代了“反对”这一概念的位置，或者“美德”这个词成为重新刻画反对的手段。此外美德还被刻画为某种“艺术”，作为不受“如此多”(ganzsoviel)统治的艺术。那么美学和伦理的关系在这里是什么呢？\n\n福柯将批判的起源追溯到教会权威与对其的反抗的关系中。与教会教条相关意味着，“不想受其统治，排斥、拒绝或限制教会教职；意味着回到神圣文本之中；意味着要追问以哪种方式表达出了文本中的真理”④。而且这一拒绝肯定是以某种可替代性或至少是正在形成的真理和正当性的理由之名义行事的。由此导向了福柯对“批判”的第二个定义的公式化“表达”：“不想受统治……不想再接受这种法则，因为它是不正当的，因为它隐藏着某种根本的不正当性。”①\n\n① Michel Foucault, Was ist Kritik?, Berlin 1982, S. 11 f.\n\n② Michel Foucault, Was ist Kritik?, Berlin 1982, S. 12,\n\n③ Michel Foucault, Was ist Kritik?, Berlin 1982, S. 12.\n\n④ Michel Foucault, Was ist Kritik?, Berlin 1982, S. 13.\n\n288\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":287,"next_page":289}