{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":295,"pdf_page":315,"physical_index":315,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"1593f961b390e942e25aaa53bd317229c5a29aca638ec2cb37026412ac510196"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"我们很难看清理性化的效果的加强和总体化导致权力的加强所采用的形式。福柯问道，这种理性化是如何导致权力的狂暴(Furor)的。这种理性化能力在所有生命之流中的无处不在并不仅仅指某种科学实践的方式，“而且还有像国家组织、经济实践以及个人行为等社会关系”①。理性化能力获得了它的“狂暴”及其权限，在这一范围之内它征服、控制和渗透到主体之中。权力所确定的是主体能够“是”什么，它关系的是某种界限，超出这个界限它就不“是”了或者它陷人到某种悬置本体论的空间中。然而权力试图通过强制为主体划界，而对这种强制的反抗就产生于已确立存在边界处的自我的塑造之中。\n\n批判的第一个任务在于识别“强制性机制与认识要素之间”的关系②。这里我们似乎也面临着认知的界限，这种界限不建立在任何必要性的基础上而实施着某种强制性(Nötigung)；这种界限只有某种在现存的本体论之内的安全性被置于冒险之中的时候才能被触及和追寻到：“如果不与某种特殊规则和强制性的体系(如某个时代的科学话语的体系)相符，就不能出现什么知识要素。如果强迫或奖励的能力不是科学的或者理性的或者是直接可以理解的话，也不会出现知识要素。”③而且福柯还进一步指出，知识和权力最终是不能分开的，而是合谋(zusammenarbeiten)为思考世界建立了一系列精细和清晰的标准：“这里所涉及的并不是描述知识是什么、权力是什么以及二者是如何相互压制或滥用的，而是要确立权力-知识纽带(Nexus)的特征，从而可以理解某个体系的…可接受性。”①\n\n① Michel Foucault, Was ist Kritik?, Berlin 1982, S.15、\n\n② Michel Foucault, Was ist Kritik?, Berlin 1982, S. 31.\n\n③ Michel Foucault, Was ist Kritik?, Berlin 1982, S. 33.\n\n什么是批判\n\n295","previous_page":294,"next_page":296}