{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":341,"pdf_page":361,"physical_index":361,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"8b67275195affe85d6910d13c99da3ddba24ab0ac59d0b925ed0c30e0cbc94ae"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"二、意识形态批判的悖论\n\n我想以两个论题作为我思考的出发点。第一个是阿多诺的论断：在意识形态中，“真实和非真实总是交织在一起”①。第二个是安东·莱斯特的(批判性)观点：意识形态批判声称自己是一种“非道德化的和非规范性的批判”，“但是却有规范意义”②，这是“意识形态批判的神话”。现在，乍一看，这两个特征如果是真的，都会把意识形态批判的问题笼罩在一片晦暗之中：按照通常的理解，某物应当既是真的又是不真的，这就像主张一个既要批判性又没有规范性的立场一样，是一个悖论。但是，恰恰在这个看似悖论性的结构中，隐藏着意识形态批判的意义和创造性。\n\n①正是一种怀疑解释学的逻辑和对虚假意识的谈论被怀疑为使其自身免于批判，并隔绝相反的证据。这种隔绝策略最显著的例子也许是弗洛伊德《梦的解析》中的一个段落，在书中，西格蒙德·弗洛伊德这位“怀疑的大师”把一个病人的梦—该病人的梦完全不符合弗洛伊德关于梦是愿望的达成的理论解释为，病人希望弗洛伊德是错的这一愿望的达成。(SigmundFreud，DieTraumdeutung, in: ders., Studienausgabe, Band 2, Frankfurt/M.1982, S.167.)\n\n②关于不依赖这个方面而重新实现意识形态并克服随之而 来的受影响者的内部视角和意识形态批评者的外部视角之间的不 对称问题的尝试，参见：RobinCelikates，»From Critical Social Theory to a Social Theory of Critique: On the Critique of Ideology after the Pragmatic Turn«, in:Constellations 13/1, 2006, S.21- 40.\n\n什么是意识形态批判？\n\n341","previous_page":340,"next_page":342}