{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":355,"pdf_page":375,"physical_index":375,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"ef8ab4817e7792a6d163857f4a8d159ac0d89cdfbb712b7d6f959108f294a2c1"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"换言之，意识形态批判的规范性必须被“更有力地”概念化。如果意识形态批判想作为一个独立的规范性事业而存在，那它不仅要关注“消融”，还要关注对现状的改造性克服（transformierende Überwindung)，使其成为一种新的更好的状态。①\n\n4. 对悖论的克服\n\n那么，意识形态批判的具体问题在于，它自称是这种改造性克服的酵素，却没有一个既定的外在标准，甚至没有一个现存的积极方案来替代它所批判的实践。②不过，在这一点上，其解决方式也可以理解：作为分析和批判的统一，意识形态批判根本就不要求外在的标准，而是从被批判的关系自身之中发展出标准。批判是从分析所推动的过程中发展出来的(在分析不仅仅是批判的单纯前提的意义上)。这样的批判同时是规定的和否定的：不同于前面遭到批判的“消融立场”，它批判的是特定的社会实践的缺陷；但是，它是按照规定了的否定(或某种“辩证发展过程”)的模式，即按照对内在批判的黑格尔式变体具有决定性意义的原则来做的：正确来自对谬误的“扬弃性”克服。\n\n①这里再次涉及曼海姆所提出的克服意识形态的总体概念 的问题。参见：KarlMannheim，Ideologie undUtopie，Frankfurt/M. 1985, S.49-94.\n\n②在这里，意识形态批判(不同于其他批判形式)如何理解批判和实践之间的关系会是另一篇文章的主题。“中介”或“诱因”这些说法应当仅仅意味着，此处的批判一方面作为批判自身应当是“实践的”，即作为批判发挥作用，并且是改造过程的一部分(不同于单纯的指导，也不同于立足于立法和执行之间关系的模式)，但是另一方面批判当然不同于实践。也不会取代实践。\n\n什么是意识形态批判？\n\n355","previous_page":354,"next_page":356}