{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":357,"pdf_page":377,"physical_index":377,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"38848df107fa614d5ec6874f97cbf4be00f7e0b47f013f6ac1f649c12b226a90"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"三、作为内在批判的意识形态批判\n\n现在，在什么意义上意识形态批判是“内在的”，以及对意识形态批判的真理标准和正确标准的追问有什么后果？要回答这个问题，我必须继续深人探究。毕竟，对批判标准之“内在性”有很多不同的理解。最简单也最明显的可能是(在理论上最突出的代表是迈克尔·瓦尔茨①，但是在日常理解中也很普遍)如下版本，即认为特定的理想和规范属于某个特定的共同体的自我理解，但实际上并没有在其中得到实现。这样人们就能批评美国在当前的外交政策中背叛了民主、人权和自由等价值但在其社会政策中也是如此这些都是美国宪法的基本价值。(这大概就是奥利弗·斯通式的爱国主义模式，在他的电影中，他的爱国主义高举着关于更美好的美国的已经没落的理想，反对某种堕落的政治现实。)在这些情况下，特定实践和制度的现实是用从事这些工作的人的“没落的”理想来衡量的。这无疑是一种常见的、有时候也有效的批判形式，其优点在于能够与既有的规范性期待联系起来。但是其缺陷同样明显：它仍然特别依赖某个共同体(而且它把该共同体想象成自身封闭的)的既有规范。①\n\n① Michael Walzer, Kritik und Gemeinsinn, Frankfurt/ M. 1993, und ders. , » Mut, Mitleid und ein gutes Auge«, in: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie, 48/5,2000, S. 709-718.\n\n什么是意识形态批判？\n\n357","previous_page":356,"next_page":358}