{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":359,"pdf_page":379,"physical_index":379,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"3bd05ed4f44fc9bb78c30aff9561b4be7659ba3d9a7740e4bcdb6a72b4b56548"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"相反，根据我的理解，内在批判(而且我想把它同这里描述的内部批判的变体区别开)有更强的诉求。一方面，正如霍耐特把内在的或(对他而言)“重构的批判”的“解释学”版本同其“黑格尔左派”的版本区别开时所强调的那样，内在批判不仅仅从事实规范，还从合法性规范出发。但是除此之外，我想说(至少对于同意识形态批判相关的变体而言)，尽管它一开始是内在的，但是它与其说是关于规范性潜能的重建或解决，不如说是某种特定的社会组织(Konstellation)的内在问题和矛盾所要求的对现状的改造。那么，正如马克思所说，内在批判“不是以某种预定的理想来面对现实”，但是它也不是单纯把理想从现实中抽离出来，而是从矛盾着的“现实的运动模式”自身中发展出这个理想。这是内在批判的——某种程度上是“否定主义的”(negativistisch)版本，按照我的观点，它是意识形态批判的基础。\n\n1. 何为内在批判？\n\n简言之，这种形式的内在批判有五个特征。\n\n(1)内在批判以内在于某种现存(社会)状况中的规范为出发点。然而，这些规范并不只是我们或“我们这个共同体”偶然地或传统地具有的价值观。内在批判所依赖的这些规范以特定的方式构成特定的社会实践及其制度设置。根据这种理解，规范存在这一事实也不是偶然的：所讨论的规范—以一种有待阐明的方式不仅仅是在事实上给定的，还是有根据的、合理的规范。\n\n什么是意识形态批判？\n\n359","previous_page":358,"next_page":360}