{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":360,"pdf_page":380,"physical_index":380,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"c5325523cfef1cd296a02452405b6c5a37ce830f3e190a22fb3209a13992ccc2"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"(2)内在批判并不遵循内部(或解释-重构的)批判的典型论证模式，即认为共同体已经同它的理想失去了联系。它不认为它所批评的状况中的规范和现实之间的关系已经被消解了或削弱了，而是被颠倒或翻转了。也就是说，它们是(就像前面提到的、构成市民社会价值观的自由和平等一样)有效的，但是作为效果，已经变成了矛盾和缺陷。\n\n(3)因此，内在批判关注的是现实及其构成规范的内在矛盾。一个社会的制度现实可能是“自相矛盾的”，因为它构成性地体现了相互冲突的主张和规范，这些主张和规范不可能无矛盾地实现，或者必然会在其实现过程中违背其初衷。(在我们的例子中，这适用于自由和平等的理念，在当代，这可以在社会进程中观察到。例如，既赋予责任又削弱责任，既需要创造性又追求一致性。)①随之而来的是这一并非没有问题的想法，即这里涉及的不是一个偶然的矛盾，而是一个在某种意义上具有强制性的、必然的矛盾。根据这一假设，从规范的特点和相应的实践以及制度的特性可以解释为什么这些规范不能无矛盾地得到实现。(那么奥利弗·斯通式的对道德净化的呼吁在这些情况下就是徒劳的。)\n\n①参见法兰克福社会研究所最近的研究计划，以及霍耐特所编的《资本主义现代化的悖论》Axel Honneth(Hg.)，Paradoxienkapitalistischer Modernisierung，Frankfurt/M.2002.中的文章。然而在这里，对“悖论”的讨论取代了对“矛盾”的关注。\n\n360\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":359,"next_page":361}