{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":361,"pdf_page":381,"physical_index":381,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"0bcd959def65c378ef8712bcdac47ae6189128e439232d06396414130c13a63d"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"(4)内在批判是改造性的(transformative)。其目的与其说是恢复现存秩序和现行的规范和理想，不如说是改造它们。因此，它并不是恢复之前在规范和现实之间运作的对应关系，而是以将矛盾的状况转换为新事物的需要为指导。\n\n(5)但是，这必要的改造包含两个方面：有缺陷的现实和规范本身，这是至关重要的。规范会因为在某种既定的环境之下无法实现而受到影响。因此，内在批判既是对基于规范的实践的批判(实践不符合规范)，也是对规范自身的批判。因此，内在批判而且这一情况在其后果中往往被忽视—不只是以规范为标准来批判某种有缺陷的现实，而且还反向进行批判。也就是说，矛盾的现实(在此种现实中，规范只能以矛盾的方式得到实现)要求对现实和规范双方都进行改造。不是单纯地使现实适应于理想[无论是恢复还是实现(Einlösung)某种潜能]。①\n\n例如，在我们从意识形态批判的内在视角对资产阶级市民社会进行的观察中，平等的自然法规范和社会现实之间的矛盾只能通过一种新的经济社会组织原则来解决，那么，自由和平等的概念就会变成一种对自由的更充分或更全面的理解，即“积极自由”，或者变成一种“关于平等的物质观念”。因此，批判的标准在批评的过程中自身也会发生变化。（或者更准确地说：标准在变化的同时也保持不变。)\n\n①按照我的理解，在内在批判过程中，理想同实现之间的关系是很复杂的。如果内在批判所唤起的理想的实现同时意味着对理想的改造，那么这里所要进行的就不是对既有规划(An-gelegtes)的静态实现，而是某种不断增强的运动。这里要实现的东西在实现的过程中才会出现。对潜能和实现的哲学主题的这种[“行事(performativ)建构”〕解释认为，潜能和实现之间不可能完全一致，但是二者之间的动态关系仍然是有意义的。\n\n什么是意识形态批判？\n\n361","previous_page":360,"next_page":362}