{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":364,"pdf_page":384,"physical_index":384,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"a22cfe3187345c146a991aef878b4ff47ccb684ebb2c0c2abb8abccf04bcee26"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"“不公正”并阻碍我们的社会实践的东西〔或者如卡尔。  \n曼海姆所说，意识形态“落后于(einholen)现实”①]。\n\n3.意识形态批判的困难\n\n尽管我在这里刻意以一种实用主义精神重新表达了黑格尔的模式，但正是在这里(或者说最迟是在这里)，“意识形态批判的困难”再次出现了。如果人们不想追问历史或相关过程的终极目的，那么究竟如何将这种发展(以及被内在批判所中介的改造过程)描述为一种改善呢？另一方面，恰恰是对历史发展的观察表明：危机(及其解决方式)并不是“客观给定的”，而是取决于解释、自我理解的过程以及由这些解释和过程所激发的行动链条和行动组合，那么，如何能把“危机”理解为这种发展的动力呢？因此，意识形态批判的规范性参照点的问题似乎只是被转移了。实践冲突和危机及其“解决方式”到底是什么，这个问题并不是自明的：物质不平等在多大程度上和法律不平等是“矛盾的”？正如黑格尔所言，市民社会就其全部财富而言，仍不足以解决贫困和排斥(Ausschluss)的紧迫问题，这一情况在多大程度上意味着这种社会形态的“危机”？当某些东西在这里起作用的时候，到底是什么东西没有起作用？\n\n①参考卡尔·曼海姆的“评价性的、动态的意识形态概念”，根据该概念，可以说：“从这个角度看，如果某种意识的取向没有跟上新现实，因而实际上是用过时的范畴掩盖了它，这样它就是错误的和意识形态的。”(Karl Mannheim，Ideologie undUtopie, Frankfurt/M. 1985,S. 85.)\n\n364\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":363,"next_page":365}