{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":389,"pdf_page":409,"physical_index":409,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"c99086d3c7b2e2547201bb29a00ee0e4d7db4b863dfbacf9193f22997db2a7cd"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"3.心理机制的实操诊断\n\n每个心理病理学诊疗过程都将心理健康的规范标准视为批判的外在要素。诊断是医学交流的一部分，它从健康和疾病的角度判断痛苦。心理机制的诊断借助实操的心理机制诊断标准界定了冲突与结构，或者说，允许我们评估关系模式。这就更接近精神分析的内容；尽管如此，在这里，置身于诊断学的视角上，基于被规则系统把握的分析理论，有这样一个判断，它的目标是识别现成的标志，或者说是认识心理学事态。不过，诊断的视角并不仅仅基于观察，而且也基于同情和联系，否则各种分析视角就无法呈现自身。在这样的情况下，外在批评跨过界限，进入内在，而并不掩盖内在部分。\n\n(二)批判的内在视角—基于分析者的立场\n\n那么，内在批判从何处开始？我们应当区分内在批判的两个不同的层面；在一个汉德克式的语言游戏中，我们可以将它们区分为内在世界的内在世界和内在世界的外在世界。我们将要展示，它们如何被区分开来，以及它们是如何彼此依存的。\n\n1. 内在世界的内在世界\n\n内在世界的内在世界是分析者所描述传达的；可以说，批判就在于内在批判的内核，它致力于理解、辨认、同情、体会，从被分析者的视角重构体验世界。因此，传达的概念就是一个至关重要的视角。分析者设身处地地考察被分析者，因此，前者会在分析的过程中切身地体验到患者描述的感觉。换句话说，被间接但有力地强迫着，实现患者的描述。听取传达并且理解它的决心需要诸多前提；比昂(Bion)认为，分析者必须在分析的时候去除记忆和期望。①因此，他必须尽最大的努力，去除先入之见，无论它是理论，还是迄今为止的分析经验。\n\n搭档和批判者\n\n389","previous_page":388,"next_page":390}