{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":402,"pdf_page":422,"physical_index":422,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"9a1f86f440f60f3ae330c276ed2b947b2ea428f240490ebdc9a9c3ef71e05167"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"我考察这个问题的角度从一种理解的基本否定性出发。我的观点是，我们必须在对于这种否定性的反思中确保解释学的批判维度。我用否定性这个词来刻画这样一种事态：意义和理解总是彼此相关联。理解发生在与不理解的紧张关系中。理解意味着在理解本身的边界劳作；理解显现为误解的反面，而后者是一种有漏洞的、被错误引导的、有缺陷的理解。正如理解一样，意义也处在对立中：关于意义，我们已经列举了它的反面，如非-意义(Nichtsinn)、荒谬、缺乏意义和没有意义(Si-nnlos)。就像真理是通过与谬误的对立被界定出来的一样，意义和理解并不是孤立的概念，我们必须在它们与自己对立面的紧张关系中把握它。\n\n我们可以在三个层面上运用这个不可怀疑的对立。首先，它是在理解自身之中的否定性：在对理解与不理解，感知意义和取消意义的分析中的否定性。其次，它关系到理解的对象，即在意义和意义扭曲之间，开显与遮蔽或者说扭曲之间的辩证关系。最后，这种对立还关涉世界中的真实否定性，即在理性要求和无意义之间的对立，理解的意愿与荒谬的东西、不堪承受的东西、不应当存在的东西之间的对立。在这三种层面上，人类的理解与一种阻碍力量，即阻止他们去理解的力量相互关联。三个层次描绘了不同的情形，而这些情形又彼此相关。在整个框架中，我们要展示，在多大的程度上人类的理解，即解释学，和批判相关。批判的解释学在三重视角下包含着批判：第一，它是对于不可理解的东西的批判；第二，它是对错误意义的批判；第三，它是对存在者的否定性的批判。\n\n402\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":401,"next_page":403}