{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":412,"pdf_page":432,"physical_index":432,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"104c2d21ffaa4178ac377743eb7f03e957a29ec3ca632edbc2cd4a012135880e"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"在这里，我们要讨论一种否定性东西，它并非简单地脱离了对意义的阐述与接受的概念框架。我们要说的是一种不能被理解的否定的东西，因为它作为一种不应当存在的东西，以及我们不能期望，也不能肯定的东西，被从可理解与可认识之物的范围内排除出去了。在这个意义上，无意义的东西代表了某种无辜的受苦，就像加缪在《鼠疫》中刻画的，或者伏尔泰借以反对形而上学乐观主义的里斯本大地震那样的自然灾害那样。这样的事态，对于理解的愿望来说是不可合理化，也不可辩护的刺痛。“理解就是宽恕”(Comprendre c'est pardonner)并非仅仅是理解姿态的宣言，也标注了理解的界限所在。不堪忍受的、不能接受的、不可原谅的东西，是不可能被理解的。\n\n之前为了解释怀疑的解释学而提及的精神分析，对于现在讨论的主题而言是一个经典的例子。精神分析的核心概念无意识，在某种程度上精准标记了从理解中被排除的东西，这并非是什么未阐明或者原始的或者不能探本溯源的东西，而是某种不可运用的，从意识中被排除出来、驱散出来的东西。它之所以被排除出来，是因为它不应当基于某些特定的理由被承认或者认识：因为它们是羞耻和反感的对象，主体害怕它们，觉得会被它们损害。它是某种否定性东西，它不应当被意识到或者被理解，因为它不应当存在。精神分析和病理学一样，不仅仅关注缺失的理解形式与意识形式，也关注作为一种整体状况的痛苦。\n\n412\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":411,"next_page":413}