{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":429,"pdf_page":449,"physical_index":449,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"de5763ac89d6e95eab5b5b6b02d27f911dcb5c8f25611b32b4c0a6bab5288cb2"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"二\n\n正如利科所规定的，批判性理解源于一种作为“怀疑练习”的解释。①这指的是对一般性理解的可靠性进行系统怀疑的解释学结果。就此怀疑而言，意识不再是如此这般确定性的最终权威，使得只有事物的实存被怀疑，而非其在意识中的呈现被怀疑。怀疑的大师们一利科提到了马克思、尼采和弗洛伊德，但这个序列当然还可以更长已经多少接纳了笛卡儿式的怀疑纲领，从而如利科所言，承受笛卡儿式堡垒的核心。②与这一堡垒假定的安全性相反，他们设定了“意义的阐释”Au-slegung des Sinns)①。这意味着，他们试图展示出，那些似乎被当作意识内容确定的东西，只有通过变化和推延才得以通达意识。被意识之物是一种影响，是意识，或者更确切地说，是以意识为标志的生物在其生命性(Lebendigkeit)的运行和发生中遭遇的影响。是生命使得某物被意识到。但在意识中出现的，既非激发产生意识的某物，也非意识产生的过程(Vorgang)。它只是和生命性之发生相区别的，并且是由这一发生自身调节的结果。\n\n① PaulRicoeur,De l'interprétation. Essai sur Freud, Paris 1965, Kapitel II. 3: »L'interprétation comme exercice du soupçon«, S. 40-44.\n\n② Paul Ricoeur, De l'interprétation, Essai sur Freud, Paris 1965, Kapitel II. 3: »L'interprétation comme exercice du soupçon« S. 43.\n\n理解一怀疑-批判\n\n429","previous_page":428,"next_page":430}