{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":444,"pdf_page":464,"physical_index":464,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"f3d1b6815a8e654c0e6ea5d1d0d6f90339975990b8fab560aa3113678acae955"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"一、作为科学的批判\n\n(1)科学并非亚里士多德所谓的实体。①科学并没有超越历史的本质。问“科学是什么”，而不考察它的特定历史语境，是没有意义的。在科学哲学中我们经常问“科学是什么”，对它的科学哲学式回答往往不反思作为背景的形而上学传统，但正是这个传统给予了科学一种哲学的意义，并且，在它之中还有审慎地将它与技术知识区分开来的倾向。②人们不妨问问自己，在众多不同的科学领域中，如理论物理学、动物心理学、法学、建筑学、艺术史和运动生理学中，是否存在着某种有趣的共同点，它必然地为这些学科所共享，并使它们成为科学。它会不会是给出了科学性之标准的“批判性思维”，或者能自我批判的认识呢？\n\n作为人类组织的科学随着它在其中运行的社会条件而变迁。如果我们要思考科学与批判的关系，那么我们必须要考虑一个历史事实。实验性的科学“从自然来讲”或者“究其本质而言”既不是批判的，也不是非批判的。就像有时我们用来考察政治的道德理想不能与现实政治混淆，我们也不能将某种有时我们愿意拿来考察科学的所谓道德理想，如批判的理想或者说“价值中立”的理想，与具体的现实科学混淆。①\n\n① Aristotels, Metaphysik 1028 a 10.\n\n② John Dewey, Reconstructions in Philosophy (1920), Chicago 1982, Kap. 1.\n\n444\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":443,"next_page":445}