{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":447,"pdf_page":467,"physical_index":467,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"8d517d289d1220b2886c2dbd2393890ec70fa4c82936fdf303e3d6ede9f61ca7"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"我们现在称为“启蒙”的东西，是一个过程，它致力于批判和解放社会及其司法权，特别是将其从关于魔鬼、妖魔和女巫的宗教观点的影响之中解放出来。启蒙运动不仅仅针对神学教义，它也尤其针对宗教教义成为常识后产生的后果。基督教公开地通过肉体复活宣扬灵魂不朽的学说，学者之中也有许多关于复生者可能会获得何种身体的思辨。②对于灵魂不朽的常识性信赖曾经是，并且现在也是关于在身体朽坏后，脱离肉体的“精神”“继续生存”的想象。这样的想象，和基督教的再生比起来，更像是荷马式的，在冥府的阴影。对于非肉体性精神的实存的信仰，是宽泛的神怪学的前提，而它支配了十五至十六世纪非学院思想的许多分支。批判这种思想是诸如霍布斯、斯宾诺莎和休谟这样的哲学家的目标，他们要么是实验哲学运动的一部分，要么至少对它持同情态度。斯宾诺莎在他于1662年写成的《神、人及其幸福简论》中，就详尽地探讨了鬼怪之存在的问题。①斯宾诺莎并非致力于实验科学进步的科学与启蒙团体的一分子，尽管如此，他对他们的工作抱有极强的兴趣，而且从他的通信往来中可以明显地看出，他还自己动手做一些实验。②考虑到对于实验性证据的喜爱和对于迷信的批判，斯宾诺莎可以说是这个运动的典型。\n\n① Berthold Sutter, Der Hexenprozeß gegen Katharina Keppler, Weil der Stadt 1979.\n\n② Carolyn Bynum, The Resurrection of the Body in Western Christianity, 200-1336,New York 1995.\n\n科学与批判\n\n447","previous_page":446,"next_page":448}