{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":455,"pdf_page":475,"physical_index":475,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"ae0ecc2d301e34c885e738350521193128ad19799291e7e9099d8f59ba582213"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"怀特海不仅认为获得并运用既定方法的努力是理性的，也认为摧毁既定方法并寻找全新方法的努力也是理性的。他考察了在奥德修斯和柏拉图身上表现出来的理性形式，并且指出，尽管奥德修斯从不怀疑他回家这个目的，但是他却找到了实现目的的最佳方法。反过来，柏拉图思考我们在我们的生活中应当追求怎样的目标。在怀特海之后，费耶阿本德认为，发生在既成科学的支持者与持续追求基础性创新的人之间的冲突根本是非理性的。②对现代科学进步之中的冲突的不同理解，根源在于不同的理性概念。费耶阿本德或多或少将方法和理性视为一个概念，并因这样的理由反对旧方法：旧方法导致新的方法不会被尝试，换言之，并没有向新方法检验的投人。③与之相反，怀特海则认为奥德赛的说法涉及方法，而柏拉图式的理性则用思辨的方式与之区分，并且既追求新的思维方式也追求新的知识。因此对于怀特海来说。科学既是方法的，也是思辨的。这样看来，按照他的观点，科学革命就是一个理性的进程，在其中，思辨理性通过基础性的批评超越方法理性。对于费耶阿本德来说，科学革命是一个非理性的和解构性的批判过程。对怀特海来说，科学革命是唯一用来反抗认知疲劳的理性手段。\n\n① Alfred North Whitehead, Die Funktion der Vernunft (1929), Stuttgart 1974,S. 38(meine Übersetzung).\n\n② Michael Hampe, »Vernunft, Gefühl und wissenschaftlicher Wandel: Feyerabend-Dewey-Whitehead«,in: ders., Erkenntnis und Praxis, Frankfurt/M. 2006,S. 229-253.\n\n③Paul Feyerabend, Wider den Methodenzwang,Frankfurt/M 1986, Kap. 11 und 12.\n\n科学与批判\n\n455","previous_page":454,"next_page":456}