{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":65,"pdf_page":85,"physical_index":85,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"85734d488c573aff5b8bd982a2a87999e0dacff7ee6acdc6793ac2bf5de661d7"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"三、以哈贝马斯为例\n\n恰恰是这种相对主义化的洞见看起来是那些持续不断的奠基论述(Begründungsdiskursen)的基础，在这些论述中，感觉到自身与批判理论及其意识形态批判项目紧密相关的批判性哲学经常停滞。①这方面的一个例子是哈贝马斯的《交往行为理论》(Theorie deskommunika-tiven Handelns)②，该理论从一开始就面临着为每一种意识形态批判进行奠基的问题：一个人越是从根本上以意识形态批判的方式指责他人遵循结构上错误的信念和实践，这种批判的规范性基础就越重要，以避免自己被怀疑为意识形态的批判。\n\n鉴于这种有问题的情况，下述做法就是一种巧妙的策略，从对自然语言的使用的分析中获得一般批判的规范性基础，以及特定的社会批判的规范性基础，像哈贝马斯在他的言语行为分析中，即《交往行为理论》的规范性重心中所做的那样。①我们知道，这种分析的对象不是说话者的实际交往行为(Kommunikationsverhalten)，而是作为其基础的规则，正如哈贝马斯稍后所论证的那样，②这些规则在话语中得到了最好的表达，说话者通过话语试图主题化呈现失败或无望的交往行动的情况，并在理想情况下提供有共识的解决。正如哈贝马斯关于话语伦理的著作中特别明确指出的那样，这些规则在范围和原则上各不相同。\n\n① 雷蒙·盖斯(RaymondGeuss)也将一般的批判理论特别 是哈贝马斯哲学的核心定位在意识形态批判。(DieIdeeeiner Kritischen Theorie,Bodenheim 1988.)\n\n② Jürgen Habermas, Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns,2Bände, Frankfurt/M. 1981.\n\n(意识形态)批判如何被规训\n\n65","previous_page":64,"next_page":66}