{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","id":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","uuid":"dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title":"什么是批判","normalized_title":"什么是批判","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787303287741","isbns":["9787303287741","0120214113"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":490,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/dfe67541-4039-4f88-87ce-dbbadb056cb2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":78,"pdf_page":98,"physical_index":98,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"dfae5904beb83840a5dc2957385868a720eee12f96462b4bcb82d1fab02a2142"},"chapter":"什么是批判","content":"综合来看，这些指责似乎只能证实哈贝马斯对意识形态批判的克制。然而，将布迪厄的哲学社会学，尤其是他后期的《世界的苦难》的研究解读为对哈贝马斯悖论性的否定主义批评理论的回应，而不是解读为这一理论无希望的证据，我认为这更令人鼓舞。布迪厄(早期)围绕“场域”和“习惯”概念的实践理论也是如此。它与哈贝马斯的生活世界理论有许多一致之处，该理论以维特根斯坦为指向。然而，哈贝马斯明显走得更远，因此也提供了走出前述的《交往行为理论》中的大多数死胡同的方法。\n\n布迪厄《实践感》(Le Sens Pratique)的理论——略带误导性地—在德语讨论中被称为“社会感”(sozialerSt-nn)①，解释了我们如何能够在那里参与其中，以及批判性地处理那些不可能阐释更不用说捍卫实践规则的处境。布迪厄在概念层面上反对行为(Handeln)和行动者(Akteur)的范畴，他使用“行为者”(agent)一词而不是“行动者”(Akteur)或“主体”(Subjekt)。这涉及的是这样的行为者，他们总是代表他人名义的被派遣的行为者。根据布迪厄的观点，对个人选择的质疑并不意味着一切都要听天由命，也不意味着徒劳的时代已经爆发。其实践理论的中心概念“场域”和“习惯”①提供了一个巧妙的概念工具箱，由此把握到，人类行为绝不是偶然的，但也不是绝对被决定的，在这些概念中行动者既不能选择各方面的规则，也不能证明它们是合理的。\n\n① Pierre Bourdieu, Le sens pratique, Paris 1980; dt. Sozialer Sinn, Frankfurt/M. 1987.\n\n78\n\n什么是批判","previous_page":77,"next_page":79}