{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"e613fff5-9eda-4e8d-b348-903e6d630253","title":"黑箱社会 控制金钱和信息的数据法则＝THE BLACK BOX SOCIETY","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508655208","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"e613fff5-9eda-4e8d-b348-903e6d630253","id":"e613fff5-9eda-4e8d-b348-903e6d630253","uuid":"e613fff5-9eda-4e8d-b348-903e6d630253","title":"黑箱社会 控制金钱和信息的数据法则＝THE BLACK BOX SOCIETY","normalized_title":"黑箱社会控制金钱和信息的数据法则theblackboxsociety","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787508655208","isbns":["9787508655208"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":318,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/e613fff5-9eda-4e8d-b348-903e6d630253","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%BB%91%E7%AE%B1%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%20%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E9%87%91%E9%92%B1%E5%92%8C%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%B3%95%E5%88%99%EF%BC%9DTHE%20BLACK%20BOX%20SOCIETY","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/e613fff5-9eda-4e8d-b348-903e6d630253/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/e613fff5-9eda-4e8d-b348-903e6d630253/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/e613fff5-9eda-4e8d-b348-903e6d630253","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/e613fff5-9eda-4e8d-b348-903e6d630253/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/e613fff5-9eda-4e8d-b348-903e6d630253/search"},"page":{"printed_page":56,"pdf_page":75,"physical_index":75,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b8854333cf9dc8d49a6aa96a9c4de308dd33df05c0fdd67498d2380bc321a673"},"chapter":"第一章","content":"例如，计算机科学家拉坦扎·斯威尼(LatanyaSweeney)曾对姓名搜索做过研究。斯威尼曾在哈佛大学数据隐私实验室担任主任，现在是美国联邦贸易委员会的高级技术专家。2012年，她怀疑非裔美国人在网络服务中遭受了不公平的对待。当斯威尼在Google中搜索自己的名字时，网页上出现的提示是“拉坦扎·斯威尼：被通缉？”与之相对，搜索“塔尼娅·史密斯”时出现的却是，“搜索到：塔尼娅·史密斯”。这种差异激发斯威尼进行了一项关于姓名如何影响服务提示的研究。她怀疑“不管（采集提示的）公司有没有和姓名相关联的逮捕数据，出现的通缉提示往往都和黑人姓名相关，而搜索白人姓名时都是中性提示”。她总结说：“在Google中搜索典型的非裔美国人姓名时，InstantCheckmate.comp这样的背景检查网站往往会给出负面提示，而典型的白人姓名的搜索结果都是中性提示。\n\n在斯威尼公布了她的研究结果后，有人对此提供了几种解释。他们怀疑是不是有人故意将“通缉”提示和黑人姓名编辑到了一起显示呢？如果是，那就是种族歧视。但是InstantCheckmate和Google公司都极力否认。我们还可以假设，当黑人姓名是和“通缉”而非更加中性的词语关联在一起时，(不管是什么原因)就会有更多的网络搜索者点击InstantCheckmate给出的提示。在这种情况下，编程人员就会将匹配引擎进行优化，以获得更高的点击率点击率背后的原因尚不可知。搜索引擎充当了一种文化投票机器，表面看上去它只是呈现，而不是创造观念，实则不然。\n\n黑箱社会The Black BoxSociety\n\n056","previous_page":55,"next_page":57}