{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title":"递归与偶然","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787576004694","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","uuid":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title":"递归与偶然","normalized_title":"递归与偶然","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787576004694","isbns":["9787576004694"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":401,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%80%92%E5%BD%92%E4%B8%8E%E5%81%B6%E7%84%B6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/search"},"page":{"printed_page":133,"pdf_page":145,"physical_index":145,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"45654c0017b8ee08fe9e3b1995d5332b4118f410e6d42d2cf94e0d8ce2d702a5"},"chapter":"第二章逻辑与偶然","content":"§20 一般递归与图灵机\n\n黑格尔始于逻辑，终于逻辑，因为只有经过艰苦的反思—直接性、否定、否定、重新产生的直接性(wiederherges-tellte Unmittelbarkeitd)—概念才能获得普遍性和绝对性。冈瑟试图通过对黑格尔反思逻辑的形式化，构建一种非亚里士多德式逻辑(也就是多值逻辑)。按照冈瑟的说法，亚里士多德式逻辑或古典逻辑预设了思维与存在的形而上学同一性。①用谢林的话说，古典逻辑建立在A=B的基础上，而没有达到 $\\mathrm { A } ^ { 2 } = \\mathrm { ( A = B ) }$ ，更不要说 $\\mathrm { A } ^ { 3 } = \\mathrm { A } ^ { 2 } = ( \\mathrm { A } = \\mathrm { B } )$ 了。也就是说在德国理念论中，自我意识是一种把A=B提升到更高的逻辑层次的反思。冈瑟在这里的说法更接近黑格尔而不是谢林，因为正如我们所见，黑格尔的反思更为具体和结构化。②在冈瑟开创性的著作《机器的意识:控制论的形而上学》(The\n\n第二章 逻辑与偶然\n\n133\n\n①查尔斯·帕森斯(Charles Parsons)，《哥达·冈瑟》(GotthardGünther),《哥德尔全集》(Gödel'sCollected Works),第4卷，所罗门·费弗曼(Solomon Feferman)和约翰·道森（John W. Dawson)编，牛津：Clarendon,2003年，第458页。\n\n②冈瑟，《灵魂与机器》，第85页。","previous_page":132,"next_page":134}