{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title":"递归与偶然","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787576004694","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","uuid":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title":"递归与偶然","normalized_title":"递归与偶然","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787576004694","isbns":["9787576004694"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":401,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%80%92%E5%BD%92%E4%B8%8E%E5%81%B6%E7%84%B6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/search"},"page":{"printed_page":134,"pdf_page":146,"physical_index":146,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"685db99d21f58af46b5bdc81b98aee6381fc1752e72b7310d7a9c704b982b79c"},"chapter":"第二章逻辑与偶然","content":"Consciousness of Machines : A Metaphysics of Cybernetics)中，他说，“在控制论中，黑格尔关于反思本质上是个真实过程的观点，在我们试图系统地把意识的过程类比到机器中时，终于成了一种严肃说法”。①\n\n[107]如果说主客体关系体现着一种二值逻辑，冈瑟便在黑格尔的反思逻辑中看到了三值逻辑的可能性。②他把机器的演化看作一个朝黑格尔主义逻辑迈进的过程：经典机器是他物反思(Reflexion in anderes),冯·诺伊曼机器是自我反思(Reflexion in sich)，而“大脑机器”是“大脑机器”对自我与他者反思的自我反思(Reflexion in sich der Reflexion in sich undanderes)，正如“黑格尔在《大逻辑》中说的”。③我们可以用冈瑟本人的一个例子来说明这一点。首先有我(I)，即自我，然后有R，即第一反思，也就是主体性；接着可以有双重反射D，有了这三个值，我们可以对一个三值真值表进行运算：IRID,DR。④把冈瑟的设置归纳一下，可以说他定义了R的不同层次，第0层R是没有自我意识的，下一层R把第0层作为它的对象，这可以图示为：S→(S°→O)。正如查尔斯·帕森斯所说：\n\nR的每一层……都可以成为进一步反思的对象。因此它涉及的迭代是无限的。冈瑟进一步得出结论说，在这一步，它还不能像一种新逻辑所需要的那样被公理化，“因为它不可能就这个开放的主体得出最终的、最普遍的命题，并把它定义为自我意识”。①\n\n134\n\n递归与偶然\n\n① 冈瑟，《机器的意识：控制论的形而上学》(Das Bewußtsein derMaschinen Eine Metaphysik der Kybernetik)，巴登-巴登和克里菲尔德：Agis-Verlag,1963年，第 95页。\n\n②同上，第55页。\n\n③冈瑟，《灵魂与机器》，第85页。\n\n④冈瑟，《机器的意识》，第53—54页，见冈瑟的四个真值表。","previous_page":133,"next_page":135}