{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title":"递归与偶然","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787576004694","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","uuid":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title":"递归与偶然","normalized_title":"递归与偶然","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787576004694","isbns":["9787576004694"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":401,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%80%92%E5%BD%92%E4%B8%8E%E5%81%B6%E7%84%B6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/search"},"page":{"printed_page":14,"pdf_page":26,"physical_index":26,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"dd777c716391c36170108624329d8469bf109af065dfcd3626947678fc703238"},"chapter":"《以世界主义为目标的普遍历史观念》","content":"§3 偶然性与终极性\n\n英文单词“意外”(accident)有两重含义，我们可以在亚里士多德的《范畴篇》中找到它们；书中，亚里士多德区分了实体(πεμενν)与意外或偶性(μβεβηκ)：意外，如颜色，是非本质的，因为它的出现或消失不会影响主体的同一性。②比如，这个苹果是苹果，尽管它上周是绿色的，这周是红色的。因此亚里士多德在《形而上学》中写道，“意外近似于非存在。”①意外也是可感的，比如颜色、质、量等。我们要记住意外的这种双重意义：它同时是非本质属性和意外，之后我们还会经常回来讨论这两种含义的合并。亚里士多德通过把作为谓词的、可变的意外与保持自身同一的实体区分开，解决了存在与生成之间的冲突。\n\n14\n\n递归与偶然\n\n①恩斯特·布洛赫，《物质的学说》(Die Lehren von der Materie)，美因河畔法兰克福：Suhrkamp，1978年，第88页；一块石头“在浪漫主义者的眼中，将自身演绎为生命过程的衍生物[Lebensprozess]”。\n\n②汉斯·布鲁门伯格(Hans Blumenberg)在一本简明词典的条目中指出，偶然性是为数不多的几个明确源于基督教的概念之一。在亚里士多德哲学中，可能性和必然性并不对立，对立的只是可能性和现实性；这种对立只限于在逻辑上成立。“可能的偶然性”的本体论(转下页注)","previous_page":13,"next_page":15}