{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title":"递归与偶然","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787576004694","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","uuid":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title":"递归与偶然","normalized_title":"递归与偶然","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787576004694","isbns":["9787576004694"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":401,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%80%92%E5%BD%92%E4%B8%8E%E5%81%B6%E7%84%B6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/search"},"page":{"printed_page":16,"pdf_page":28,"physical_index":28,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"f822f4ac7ebc2752dc2f810529a7c032329becbecc0b98bfbde9ce84ced3b10a"},"chapter":"《以世界主义为目标的普遍历史观念》","content":"如果我们把偶然性仅理解为有望发生的(probable),就可以从概率和统计的角度理解它。比如对拉普拉斯(Pierre-Si-mon de Laplace)来说，决定论与随机性相反，意味着可预测性。我们知道这组对立在数学(庞加莱)、物理学(海森堡[WernerHeisenberg])和生物学(贾克·莫诺[Jacques Monod])等许多领域内都是错误的。不过我们想表明的是，偶然性不只是有望发生的，它存在于一切运动中，它的意义和功能性与这些运动的性质息息相关。什么是运动？如果我说一个人从一个地方到另一个地方，这意味着一个事件在时间和空间中发生了。我进行这个运动是为了，比如说抓住一把椅子；也就是说这种运动具有终极性。终极性是终极的原因：没有什么是无理由的(nihilest sine ratione)。偶然性存在于所有的运动中，它对不同种类的运动有不同意义。我们可以列出三种：\n\n[14](1）有预定终极性的线性机械运动按其因果关系线性排列(A→B→C→D)，对这种运动来说偶然性意味着错误，因为偶然性是不被预料到的：例如当机械发动机的齿轮磨损，线性因果的其中一环没有发生，就不会产生D。\n\n16\n\n递归与偶然","previous_page":15,"next_page":17}