{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title":"递归与偶然","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787576004694","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","uuid":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title":"递归与偶然","normalized_title":"递归与偶然","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787576004694","isbns":["9787576004694"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":401,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%80%92%E5%BD%92%E4%B8%8E%E5%81%B6%E7%84%B6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/search"},"page":{"printed_page":220,"pdf_page":232,"physical_index":232,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"7cb783f22bd89464f187066df696e87de8425e69bb0cbfbd5aaaa841e0fec1b3"},"chapter":"第三章被组织的无机","content":"§30 规范与意外\n\n[175]柏格森的器官学试图通过把物质和理智的运动置于生命冲动的现实中，重新思考它们，从而找到生命的本体论基础；类似地，康吉莱姆也认为生命中的技术的问题，超越了一切科学的概念化。正如他在《机器与有机体》一文结尾处所说，器官学的优点在于表明“人类起初是通过技术与生命保持一致的，后来才坚信他通过科学造成了断裂”。①在《生机论的面向》(Aspects of Vitalism)中，康吉莱姆用不同的方式重申了这个论点，文中他引用黑格尔的“理性的狡黠”(List derVernunft)来描述这一策略。在黑格尔看来，理性会采用向其他对象迂回的狡计来达到目的。这种迂回乍看起来似乎是偶然和不重要的，事实上却是必然的：\n\n我们都知道，机械论一词来自“mēchanē”，它的含义“engine”包含两种意义：一方面是狡计和计谋，另一方面是机器。人们可以问，这两种意思能不能合为一种。人类发明和运用机器，以及一般性的技术活动，难道不是黑格尔所说的理性的狡计吗？理性的狡计在于它以按各自的本性相互作用的对象为中介，实现它的目的。从本质上讲，机器是一种中介，或者像机械论者所说的，是中继(relay)。一种机制不会创造任何东西——它的长处(inars)恰恰在此—但它只能通过技艺被构建，它是个狡计。因此，作为科学方法和哲学的机械论，是对机器的全部用途的隐含假定。①\n\n220\n\n递归与偶然\n\n①康吉莱姆，《生命的知识》，第97页。","previous_page":219,"next_page":221}