{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title":"递归与偶然","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787576004694","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","uuid":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title":"递归与偶然","normalized_title":"递归与偶然","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787576004694","isbns":["9787576004694"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":401,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%80%92%E5%BD%92%E4%B8%8E%E5%81%B6%E7%84%B6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/search"},"page":{"printed_page":227,"pdf_page":239,"physical_index":239,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"b25c8c0263f71ff4b903cf6f1a9bebb0d3477b202a9660fa4dc35a42cc168ce4"},"chapter":"第三章被组织的无机","content":"正如一些作者指出的，康吉莱姆明显受到了科特·戈德斯坦的影响。戈德斯坦拒绝一切对常态和健康的统计学定义，而是考察他所说的“个体规范”：“在此只有一种有效的规范；它包括整个具体的个体性，以个体为它的尺度，因此它是个人化的个体规范。”②每种疾病都意味着一次适应环境的新过程，这将产生新的个体规范。怀着同样的态度，康吉莱姆主张“可以这样区分病态：它是一种只发生在有机总体层面上的正常状态的改变”。③在糖尿病的问题上，康吉莱姆质疑伯纳德的观点，后者认为糖尿只是血糖的一种功能，而肾脏通过恒定的阈值发挥功能，康吉莱姆则引用更新的研究，表明肾脏國值不是固定和静态的，而是可变的，它取决于个体的具体情况。④\n\n第三章 被组织的无机\n\n227\n\n① 同上，第132页。\n\n②引自吉恩·盖恩(Jean Gayon)，《康吉莱姆生物哲学中的个体性概念》(The Concept of Individuality in Canguilhem's Philosophy of Biolo-gy),《生物学史杂志》(Journal of the History of Biology),31,第 3 期，1988年，第310页；出自科特·戈德斯坦，《有机体的结构》，拉海耶：Ni-jhoff，1934年，第269页。\n\n③康吉莱姆，《正常与病态》，第87—88页。\n\n④ 同上，第79页。","previous_page":226,"next_page":228}