{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title":"递归与偶然","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787576004694","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","uuid":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title":"递归与偶然","normalized_title":"递归与偶然","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787576004694","isbns":["9787576004694"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":401,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%80%92%E5%BD%92%E4%B8%8E%E5%81%B6%E7%84%B6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/search"},"page":{"printed_page":256,"pdf_page":268,"physical_index":268,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"32e41cc89ff030bf6859268c2c173d23cc3766e019947c49017b99968ecd9a3b"},"chapter":"第四章组织性的无机","content":"我们在本章开头提出的一个问题是：技术与环境的关系是什么？从动物行为的角度看，我们可以观察到在有机体和环境之间存在一种操作模式，即为了产生耦合而进行的适应。但一旦有了技术，意志也会发挥作用。人类不仅是适应环境，也不仅像消耗环境的动物(比如吃光所有的草)那样，人也为了生存而改变环境。在技术的帮助下，人类能够一代代地传递记忆，而不改变体细胞和遗传细胞。与适应(adaption)相对，斯蒂格勒用了采纳(adoption)这个词。人类采纳环境，但不只是通过适应来采纳。采纳是肯定那些偶然产生的东西，把它融入整体。采纳不同于适应，也不与适应对立，仿佛它们是两个不相容的过程那样。相反，它们之间存在一种动态。适应和采纳的策略构成了器官学。就像西蒙东描述的甘巴尔引擎那样—它通过把河流的地理环境采纳为自身功能的一部分(冷却机制)，来适应它(比如通过油水分离)。换句话说，这条河创造了一个技术一地理关联环境。蒙古包是采纳不断变化的环境的一种方法；药物治疗是帮助病人采纳病毒所造成的受限环境的方法；意志[205]是克服痛苦与自怜的方法(比如，金格·莱恩哈特[Django Reinhardt]在被火灾夺去左手的两根手指后，成了一名传奇吉他手)。换句话说，采纳就是通过创造一种关联环境来克服环境的缺陷的方式。\n\n256\n\n递归与偶然\n\n①见苏珊·奥亚玛(Susan Oyama)，《信息的个体发生学：发展性系统和演化》(The Ontogeny of Information：Developmental SystemsandEvolution)，北卡罗来纳杜尔汉姆：杜克大学出版社，2000年，第111页。","previous_page":255,"next_page":257}