{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title":"递归与偶然","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787576004694","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","id":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","uuid":"ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title":"递归与偶然","normalized_title":"递归与偶然","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787576004694","isbns":["9787576004694"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":401,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E9%80%92%E5%BD%92%E4%B8%8E%E5%81%B6%E7%84%B6","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ea3b7167-0435-4a94-84b9-80a5359326a4/search"},"page":{"printed_page":90,"pdf_page":102,"physical_index":102,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"fdd7dea679819f22718704adefb2d698ed0b2c1150085c99bc1d4ccb29b9bfe0"},"chapter":"第一章自然与递归","content":"有机论者在怀德海那里找到的不是模糊的整体论，而是一种在不同层次上研究有机组织的新分析方法；正如李约瑟所说，“对有机体概念的逻辑分析，引导我们寻找生命结构中各个层次或粗略或精细的组织关系。因此生物化学和形态学应当融合，而不是像通常那样被一道神秘的屏障区隔着存在”。②这里的形态学指达西·汤普森的著作，尤其是他的《生长和形态》(1917)，这本书也启发了艾伦·图灵1953年的论文《胚胎发育形态学的化学基础》(The Chemical Basis ofMorphogenesis Morphology)，该论文与李约瑟的说法有许多相似处。李约瑟区分了两种类型的有机主义：一种是“阻碍主义”(obstructionist)或“教条主义”的，另一种是“合理的”。③前者[73]过分强调整体，声称所有的部分都与整体不可分割，整体永远无法被澄清；李约瑟举了J.S.霍尔丹作为例子(但他的儿子J.B.S.霍尔丹和他不同，我们将在下一章讨论控制论时讲到他)。而合理的有机主义则分析性地探究部分和整体的不同关系：1.独立；2.功能性依赖；3.存在性依赖。④\n\n90\n\n递归与偶然\n\n①怀德海，《科学与现代世界》，第80页。\n\n②李约瑟，《秩序与生命》，第139页；这句话也被史蒂芬·杰伊·古尔德(Stephen Jay Gould)引用过，见《秩序与生命评述》,Leonardo 6，1973年，第267页。古尔德以这番话结束了他的评述：“当我们从分子角度解释个体发育的奥秘，这两种生物学终将结合在一起。实现这一结合的英雄将是威廉·鲁、达西·汤普森和李约瑟那样的人。”\n\n③ 李约瑟，《秩序与生命》，第18页。\n\n④ 同上。","previous_page":89,"next_page":91}