{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2","title":"审美资本主义：品味的工业化","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787567508804","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2","id":"ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2","uuid":"ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2","title":"审美资本主义：品味的工业化","normalized_title":"审美资本主义品味的工业化","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787567508804","isbns":["9787567508804"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":221,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%AE%A1%E7%BE%8E%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%EF%BC%9A%E5%93%81%E5%91%B3%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%8C%96","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":160,"pdf_page":167,"physical_index":167,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"4eaf339f0e9ccedb48109ddd06a71afc79cebc7dc15285dda4de461f724a7474"},"chapter":"审美资本主义","content":"这种批评理论从此变得经典、持久，并在整个20世纪发扬光大，它需要考虑资本主义转变的问题。在马克思撰写这篇批评时，他还不了解从20世纪开始的第一次变革，这次变革将导致工人的欲望被归入消费经济的循环中，使无产阶级也同样成为消费者。在20世纪的后半叶又发生了另一次变革，那一次变革将使审美憧憬成为明显的消费对象。而在21世纪初，资本主义再一次因审美愉悦欲望的介人而得到发展。\n\n如果“愉悦”(jouissance)这个词的本义在词源上与“用益权”(usufruit)和“使用”(usage)相关,那么，“享乐”(jouir)则像在17世纪的宗教诗歌中那样，意味着享用上帝的财产。现代意识在20世纪表现了18世纪的精神，将愉悦当作一种产品，一种因商品物理属性而脱离了一切神化超验关系的产品。与神秘体验对应的是和缓的、以审美情绪为特征的体验的当代表达。\n\n当愉悦感越来越不取决于所有权，它就可以表现为服务行业所提供的暂时性的满足感。生产者压在物质性的实物消费上的赌注少了，而是更多地投资于审美体验的供应(如文化、艺术、电视节目、电子游戏、娱乐活动、游乐场、旅游等)。例如，旅行者追求的就是与一切功用性利益无关的感受。①\n\n160","previous_page":159,"next_page":161}