{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2","title":"审美资本主义：品味的工业化","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787567508804","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2","id":"ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2","uuid":"ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2","title":"审美资本主义：品味的工业化","normalized_title":"审美资本主义品味的工业化","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787567508804","isbns":["9787567508804"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":221,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E5%AE%A1%E7%BE%8E%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%EF%BC%9A%E5%93%81%E5%91%B3%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%8C%96","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/ef817ee5-07cd-4d04-b5aa-20e07a77acc2/search"},"page":{"printed_page":77,"pdf_page":84,"physical_index":84,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"f9985489d7334085b8c2eb5c4981f5c5faaf8ff43dbd127f42954de0a0178f96"},"chapter":"审美资本主义","content":"为了使人工艺术制品加入工业领域，当代工业需要对大部分传统的工业目的进行改革。通常，工业的目的是为了消除某种痛苦和不便：饮食或自我庇护的必需品，并不一定要结合个人的品味。工业消费是与需求相符合的，在与之相应的物品生产出来以前，这种消费就以某种方式存在了。几个世纪以来，工业持续依赖着一种现象，即需求的周期性重复与消费的必要性。严格说来，工业不仅建立在交换上，也建立在某些习惯的扩散传播之上，这些习惯是风俗在多种方式中做出的选择。如此可解释，例如，为何进食的社会需求文化性地转化为吃猪肉而非吃牛肉的需求。\n\n如果所有工业都依靠反应的文化多样性来满足需求，为什么如衣食住这样的基本需求使给予满足感的产品称得起艺术品的名号？如塔尔德之见，这个问题从根源上包含了工业的审美性扩张。任何能引起愉悦感的产品都是一种“奢侈品”。反之，无论必要与否，所有仅仅提供对抗坏事物(如寒冷、危险、暴力、饥饿)的保护的产品仍然是一种“工业品”①。同样的推理可解释基督教徒的虔诚，如果虔诚仅仅保护我们免受地狱之苦，而不更进一步带我们升天和达至真福，那它就只是一个工业的化身。正如上帝不仅仅为信徒消除不安与苦难，还为信徒保障了某些超人的东西，艺术也应该超越仅仅摆脱某种限制的消极可能性(尤其是弗洛伊德所勾勒的可能性)。艺术应该在生产狂喜感和愉悦感的过程中显现出来，在其为神祇、偶像、神话传说和所有信仰提供化身的能力中体现出来。艺术以其特有的方式，因其能使物品几乎发生质变并提升为作品、使器质性需求提升为更高级的渴望的能力，开创了非工业化的现象。然后只需严格定义艺术应用于工业的性质。\n\n77","previous_page":76,"next_page":78}