{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157","title":"跟大卫·哈维读《资本论》 第二卷","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532768974","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157","id":"f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157","uuid":"f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157","title":"跟大卫·哈维读《资本论》 第二卷","normalized_title":"跟大卫哈维读资本论第二卷","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532768974","isbns":["9787532768974"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":418,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%B7%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%BB%B4%E8%AF%BB%E3%80%8A%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E8%AE%BA%E3%80%8B%20%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%B7","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157/search"},"page":{"printed_page":241,"pdf_page":248,"physical_index":248,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"2d0944a0ee7c5757009b7f1b655a56b2bf50900b1675dd65484672275291904b"},"chapter":"跟大卫·哈维读《资本论》","content":"信用和银行系统的作用(第三卷第27章开始)\n\n那么，为什么信用对资本的生产和再生产是必要的呢？在什么意义上能把金融部门的活动看作价值和(或)剩余价值的生产？第27章，马克思列举了许多金融部门发挥的重要作用。总结如下：\n\n1. 它促进了货币资本在部门和产业之间的顺畅流动，这样利润率到处都被平均化了。马克思在此之前把信用的功能归为“阶级的共有资本”，我认为主要就是这个意思。资本的“蝴蝶”形式不停地移动，使不同产业、活动和地区的收益率标准化。\n\n2. 它显著地减少了(a)流通费用通过免除商品货币的使用，用纸币取代黄金和降低了为适应商品交换的波动而持有准备金(窖藏)的必要性，同时(b)减少周转时间(或者“加速商品形态变化的速度”和加速“货币流通的速度”)。这种流通的加速通常会延伸到资本的再生产过程。总之，它促进了资本的加速(周转时间的分析很清楚地表明了这点)。\n\n3. 它允许股份公司的成立，使可能的生产规模惊人地扩大了，允许以前的政府职能私有化，并有助于集中资本(正如第一卷中提到的)。这意味着许多资本主义企业现在取得了和私有、个人相对立的社会特征。马克思有些令人惊讶地推断：“这是作为私人财产的资本在资本主义生产方式本身范围内的扬弃。”它加强了这种转化“实际执行职能的资本家转化为单纯的经理，别人的资本的管理人，而资本所有者则转化为单纯的所有者，单纯的货币资本家。”①\n\n241","previous_page":240,"next_page":242}