{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157","title":"跟大卫·哈维读《资本论》 第二卷","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532768974","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157","id":"f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157","uuid":"f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157","title":"跟大卫·哈维读《资本论》 第二卷","normalized_title":"跟大卫哈维读资本论第二卷","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532768974","isbns":["9787532768974"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":418,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%B7%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%BB%B4%E8%AF%BB%E3%80%8A%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E8%AE%BA%E3%80%8B%20%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%B7","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157/search"},"page":{"printed_page":305,"pdf_page":312,"physical_index":312,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"3784cf7dcce7959d40b54173783b511290f8f33d2ae521c1d74ef7c6be33c89b"},"chapter":"跟大卫·哈维读《资本论》","content":"接着，马克思定义了年剩余价值率。假设预付可变资本为五百英镑，周转时间为五周，每周生产一百英镑剩余价值；那么，到那年年底(假定一年只有五十周)，每五周重复进行预付的五百英镑共生产出五千英镑的年剩余价值，或1000%的剩余价值。这是情况A。当整个五千英镑作为全年的预付资本，而不是每次五百英镑的十期分期付款时，结果看起来会完全不同。假定每周剥削率相同，年剩余价值率仅为100%。这是情况B。年剩余价值率(从而年利润率)受周转时间的影响很大。这一发现的重要性不能被低估。通过缩短周转时间，资本能获得多重优势。预付可变资本进入一种商品后再以货币形式返回的速度越快，“资本家必须从他个人的基金中预付货币的时间”就越短。结果“他预付的资本，和一定的生产规模相比，就越少”，并且“他在一年内榨取的剩余价值量也就相应地越大”。②\n\n这个发现为什么重要?我们首先参考一下马克思对古典政治经济学不断进行的批评。这种年剩余价值率的差异使剩余价值率(从而利润率)看起来好像是取决于“某些从流通过程中产生的影响”，而不是取决于对生产中活劳动的剥削的影响。“自从19世纪20年代初以来，这种现象”(剩余价值被拜物教地归因于流通条件而非生产)，“还使李嘉图学\n\n九 流通和周转时间(第二卷第15一17章)\n\n① 马克思，《资本论》，第2版，第二卷，第327页，北京：人民出版社，2004。\n\n②马克思，《资本论》，第2版，第二卷，第348页，北京：人民出版社，2004。\n\n305","previous_page":304,"next_page":306}