{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157","title":"跟大卫·哈维读《资本论》 第二卷","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532768974","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157","id":"f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157","uuid":"f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157","title":"跟大卫·哈维读《资本论》 第二卷","normalized_title":"跟大卫哈维读资本论第二卷","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"9787532768974","isbns":["9787532768974"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":418,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%B7%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%BB%B4%E8%AF%BB%E3%80%8A%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E8%AE%BA%E3%80%8B%20%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%B7","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/f268fc36-9638-4031-ac8b-0eb144fb5157/search"},"page":{"printed_page":380,"pdf_page":387,"physical_index":387,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"3488f3906c08537e8041f25b0aea047e953370df9f8dc977ea1a55bc2ec71be4"},"chapter":"跟大卫·哈维读《资本论》","content":"第Ⅱ部类的主要问题源自它和第I部类的关系。这与第Ⅰ部类中更为严重的流通问题形成了鲜明的对比。那么这个主要问题是怎么解决的呢？\n\n扩大再生产图式\n\n马克思的核心目标是模型化两大部类间的交换关系。为了实现这一目标，他假定了在第一卷第24章中描述的“为积累而积累”的情况。经过几页的探究，他终于在第三节提出了他认为最能揭示两大部类动态关系的模型，“用公式来说明积累”。我不会仔细检查所有初步的论断，只简单地概括他提出的解决方法。他从我们已经见过的用于简单再生产的图式出发：\n\n$$\n\\begin{array} { l } { { \\mathrm { ~ I ~ 4 ~ 0 0 0 c ~ + 1 ~ 0 0 0 V ~ + 1 ~ 0 0 0 m = 6 ~ 0 0 0 ~ } } } \\\\ { { \\mathrm { ~ I ~ } 2 0 0 0 \\mathrm { c } \\mathrm { ~ + } 5 0 0 \\mathrm { V } \\mathrm { ~ + } 5 0 0 \\mathrm { m } = 3 0 0 0 } } \\end{array}\n$$\n\n在简单再生产的情况下，两大部类之间合理的交换比例要求第Ⅱ部类从第Ⅰ部类购买2000c，与此相对应，生产生产资料的工人和资本家从第Ⅱ部类购买1000V+1000m(代数上，c2 = v1+m1)。注意两大部类的剩余价值率(m/v)和资本价值构成(c/v)是相同的。\n\n为了分析扩大再生产的情况，他选择了一组不同的基准数字以便于计算：\n\n$$\n\\begin{array} { l } { { \\mathrm { ~ I ~ 4 ~ 0 0 0 c ~ + 1 ~ 0 0 0 v + 1 ~ 0 0 0 m = 6 ~ 0 0 0 ~ } } } \\\\ { { \\mathrm { ~ I ~ 1 ~ 5 0 0 c ~ + 7 5 0 v + 7 5 0 m = 3 ~ 0 0 0 ~ } } } \\end{array}\n$$\n\n尽管剩余价值率仍然相同，价值构成已经发生了变化，使得第Ⅰ部类的生产率(c/v的比率，也称为资本的价值构成)变成了第Ⅱ部类的两倍。马克思这样做显然是为了方便计算，但这一变化也有一定的意义。简单再生产所需的均衡交换—c2=v1+m1——不再成立了。实际上，存在生产资料的生产过剩和消费资料的生产不足。\n\n跟大卫·哈维读《资本论》\n\n380","previous_page":379,"next_page":381}