{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d","title":"辩证法的舞蹈：马克思方法的步骤","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"0120053462","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d","id":"f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d","uuid":"f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d","title":"辩证法的舞蹈：马克思方法的步骤","normalized_title":"辩证法的舞蹈马克思方法的步骤","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"0120053462","isbns":["0120053462","7040199289"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":343,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%BE%A9%E8%AF%81%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E8%88%9E%E8%B9%88%EF%BC%9A%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A5%E9%AA%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":26,"pdf_page":44,"physical_index":44,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"384db6e2f9d410c98f71efd83d70b2acddc9c92ee0f580834b39ac639451cb59"},"chapter":"第二章作为主体的社会关系","content":"按照通常的看法，一个社会要素被认为是逻辑地独立于与之相联系的其他社会要素的。它们之间的联系是偶然的而不是必然的；它们可以是某种极为不同的东西而不会影响相关要素的重大特征，这一特征依附于被认为是独立于其余部分的一个部分。所以这种观点继而认为，离开其与其他要素之间的关系，人们能够逻辑地思考任何存在着的社会要素。在马克思看来，这种关系是内在于每个要素的(它们是本体论的关系)，所以，当一个重要的关系改变时，要素本身也就改变了，它变成了某种别的东西。它的现象和/或作用已经发生的变化足以使它需要一个新的概念。因此，例如，如果雇佣劳动消失了，即是说，如果工人与资本的关系根本改变了，那么，资本就不再存在了。自然，反过来也是正确的：马克思把“一旦没有资本，也就不再有雇佣劳动了”宣布为“同义反复”①(马克思和恩格斯，1945，36)。因此，马克斯·赫希(MaxHirsch)指出下面这一点，即如果“资本”被定义为“剥削手段和劳动者的被征服”，那么，被拥有它的农民使用的机器就不会成为资本；但是，如果这个农民雇佣一个人来操作它，它就成了资本(1901，80—81)。赫希显然是正确的。与其说这一似非而是的论点是一种明显的批评(这是赫希所想要的)，毋宁说它仅仅是阐明了资本作为一种社会关系所具有的特征。\n\n26\n\n①《马克思恩格斯选集》第1卷，1995年版，第289页。\n\n第二章作力主体的2会关系","previous_page":25,"next_page":null}