{"resolved":true,"match_type":"uuid","source_type":"original_book","book_id":"f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d","title":"辩证法的舞蹈：马克思方法的步骤","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"0120053462","requested_by":"printed_page","book":{"source_type":"original_book","book_id":"f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d","id":"f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d","uuid":"f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d","title":"辩证法的舞蹈：马克思方法的步骤","normalized_title":"辩证法的舞蹈马克思方法的步骤","author":null,"edition":null,"publisher":null,"year":null,"isbn":"0120053462","isbns":["0120053462","7040199289"],"parsed":true,"ai_readable":true,"document_type":"book","page_count":343,"navigation_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d","title_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/title/%E8%BE%A9%E8%AF%81%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E8%88%9E%E8%B9%88%EF%BC%9A%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A5%E9%AA%A4","fixed_page_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/ai/book/f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d/page/{printed_page}","path_api_url_template":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/book/f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d/page/{printed_page}","read_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d","page_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d/page","search_url":"https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/books/f7d34421-cae7-401d-810d-1da94fb53e5d/search"},"page":{"printed_page":51,"pdf_page":81,"physical_index":81,"physical_index_base":0,"printed_page_status":"recognized","page_sha256":"432c6bb32e46ed5ff660001cfa7981e4f002db77dc861540e53ae3d2539025c1"},"chapter":"第三章内在关系哲学","content":"在我的解释中，马克思的辩证方法——借用毛泽东的说法“靠两条腿站立”：内在关系哲学和抽象。在进一步探究马克思的后一种用法之前，把针对内在关系哲学的一些主要批评做一个简要概述应该是很有好处的。也许最常见的批评与按照这种观点识别个体(有人断言这是不可能的)存在的困难有关。换句话说，我们如何辨别包括向其他人指出来并使其接受—这些关系正好构成了一把椅子、一个人或任何其他个体？这实际上是第三章中提到的个性化问题的一个翻版。\n\n提出了这种批评的斯图亚特·汉普希尔(Stuart Hampshire)承认有许多分解现实的可能的方式，但他说，可传达性的要求使我们必须总是把现实看成是被分解了的或多或少的独特部分。按照他的观点，“我们不可避免地必须把现实看作是由各种不同类型和性质的持久事物所构成的”，因为肯定存在“一种术语，它表达时具有说明‘这是某某’的作用”(1959，17)。对他来说，在事物和它的特性之间做出绝对区分必然具有可能性。被认为是事物的东西充当着参照点，尽管它的属性以及观察者的角度都在发生着变化，但在所有这些变化中，它自己始终保持不变。违反这条规则，把每个事物看成是它的性质的总和并把每种性质看成是潜在的事物，由此遭到的惩罚就是人们简直不能理解持这种观点的人在说什么。\n\n51","previous_page":null,"next_page":null}