AI经济：机器人时代的工作、财富和社会福利（被科技洪流裹挟的每个人，都需要在AI时代做出自己的选择）

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注释说明

序 言

[1] Reported in The Daily Telegraph, August 16, 2018.

[2] Reported in the Financial Times, September 6, 2018.

导 言

[3] Chace, C. (2016) The Economic Singularity, London: Three Cs Publishing, p. 208.

[4] Bill Gates has said: "You cross the threshold of jobreplacement of certain activities all sort of at once." "The result could be the eradication of whole classes of work at the same time –including warehouse work, driving, room clean-up." Quoted in the Financial Times, February 25/26, 2017. The late Sir Stephen Hawking said: "If machines produce everything we need, the outcome will depend on how things are distributed. Everyone can enjoy a life of luxurious leisure if the machine–produced wealth is shared, or most people can end up miserably poor if the machine-owners successfully lobby against wealth redistribution. So far, the trend seems to be toward the second option, with technology driving everincreasing inequality." Quoted by Barry Brownstein on CapX, March 21, 2018.

[5] As reported by Rory Cellan-Jones, BBC technology correspondent, December 2, 2014.

[6] He writes: "… by any definition of ‘thinking’, the amount and intensity that's done by organic human-type brains will, in the far future, be utterly swamped by the cerebrations of AI. Moreover, the Earth's biosphere in which organic life has symbiotically evolved is not a constraint for advanced AI. Indeed, it is far from optimal–interplanetary and interstellar space will be the preferred arena where robotic fabricators will have the grandest scope for construction, and where non-biological ‘brains may develop insights as far beyond our imaginings as string theory is for a mouse." The Daily Telegraph, May 23, 2015.

[7] Shanahan (2015).

[8] Kurzweil is a striking and controversial figure, but he is far from alone. John Brockman has a similar vision. He has written: "If our future is to be long and prosperous, we need to develop artificial intelligence systems in the hope of transcending the planetary life cycles in some sort of hybrid form of biology and machine. So, to me, in the long term there's no question of ‘us versus them. See Brockman, J. (2015) What to Think About Machines That Think: Today's Leading Thinkers on the Age of Machine Intelligence (New York: Harper Collins Publishers), p. 15.

[9] Brockman, J. (2015) What to Think about Machines That Think, New York: HarperCollins, pp. 45–6.

[10] Quoted by Brockman 2015, p. 362.

[11] Ross, A. (2016) The Industries of the Future, London: Simon & Schuster, p.35.

[12] Anthes, G. (2017) Artificial Intelligence Poised to Ride a New Wave, Communications of the ACM, 60(7): p. 19.

[13] See, for instance, the following: Owen-Hill, A. (2017) What's the Difference between Robotics and Artificial Intelligence? https://blog.robotiq.com/whats-the-difference-between-robotics-andartificial-intelligence, and Wilson H. (2015) What is a Robot Anyway?, Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2015/04/what-isa-robot-anyway, and Simon, M.,(2017) What is a Robot?, https://www.wired.com/story/what-is-a-robot/, and Gabinsky, I. (2018) Autonomous vs. Automated, Oracle Database Insider. https://blogs.oracle.com/database/autonomous-vs-, and Cerf, V.G.