--- schema_version: "library-reader-v1" source_type: "original_book" title: "Cultural Crowdfunding Platform Capitalism, Labour And Globalization" author: null edition: null publisher: null year: null isbn: null library_document_id: "171eb612-d523-4536-900d-5453dce83960" source_sha256: "f606a5887d9a922652cab2ab9e9a9ca32b5e7986b8e274343285a06aaee0e0ce" pdf_physical_page_count: 128 pdf_physical_page_index_base: 0 range_start: 0 range_count: 10 html_url: "https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/171eb612-d523-4536-900d-5453dce83960?start=0&limit=10" markdown_url: "https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/171eb612-d523-4536-900d-5453dce83960.md?start=0&limit=10" next_url: "https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/171eb612-d523-4536-900d-5453dce83960.md?start=10&limit=10" --- # Cultural Crowdfunding Platform Capitalism, Labour And Globalization > 页码规则：PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX 是从 0 开始的权威文件物理页索引；PRINTED_PAGE 是页面中识别出的印刷页码，可能为空，二者不得混用。 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=0 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED EDITED BY VINCENT ROUZÉ CULTURAL CROWDFUNDING Platform Capitalism, Labour and Globalization CDSMS ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=1 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED Cultural Crowdfunding: Platform Capitalism, Labour and Globalization Edited by Vincent Rouzé ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=2 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED Critical, Digital and Social Media Studies Series Editor: Christian Fuchs The peer-reviewed book series edited by Christian Fuchs publishes books that critically study the role of the internet and digital and social media in society. Titles analyse how power structures, digital capitalism, ideology and social struggles shape and are shaped by digital and social media. They use and develop critical theory discussing the political relevance and implications of studied topics. The series is a theoretical forum for internet and social media research for books using methods and theories that challenge digital positivism; it also seeks to explore digital media ethics grounded in critical social theories and philosophy. Editorial Board Thomas Allmer, Mark Andrejevic, Miriyam Aouragh, Charles Brown, Eran Fisher, Peter Goodwin, Jonathan Hardy, Kylie Jarrett, Anastasia Kavada, Maria Michalis, Stefania Milan, Vincent Mosco, Jack Qiu, Jernej Amon Prodnik, Marisol Sandoval, Sebastian Sevignani, Pieter Verdegem Published Critical Theory of Communication: New Readings of Lukács, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet Christian Fuchs https://doi.org/10.16997/book1 Knowledge in the Age of Digital Capitalism: An Introduction to Cognitive Materialism Mariano Zukerfeld https://doi.org/10.16997/book3 Politicizing Digital Space: Theory, the Internet, and Renewing Democracy Trevor Garrison Smith https://doi.org/10.16997/book5 Capital, State, Empire: The New American Way of Digital Warfare Scott Timcke https://doi.org/10.16997/book6 The Spectacle 2.0: Reading Debord in the Context of Digital Capitalism Edited by Marco Briziarelli and Emiliana Armano https://doi.org/10.16997/book11 The Big Data Agenda: Data Ethics and Critical Data Studies Annika Richterich https://doi.org/10.16997/book14 Social Capital Online: Alienation and Accumulation Kane X. Faucher https://doi.org/10.16997/book16 The Propaganda Model Today: Filtering Perception and Awareness Edited by Joan Pedro-Carañana, Daniel Broudy and Jefery Klaehn https://doi.org/10.16997/book27 Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism Edited by Jeremiah Morelock https://doi.org/10.16997/book30 Peer to Peer: The Commons Manifesto Michel Bauwens, Vasilis Kostakis, and Alex Pazaitis https://doi.org/10.16997/book33 Bubbles and Machines: Gender, Information and Financial Crises Micky Lee https://doi.org/10.16997/book34 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=3 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED Cultural Crowdfunding: Platform Capitalism, Labour and Globalization Edited by Vincent Rouzé W UNIVERSITYOF WESTMINSTER PRESS University of Westminster Press www.uwestminsterpress.co.uk ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=4 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED Published by University of Westminster Press 115 New Cavendish Street London W1W 6UW www.uwestminsterpress.co.uk Text © The Editor and the several contributors 2019 First published 2019 Cover design: www.ketchup-productions.co.uk Series cover concept: Mina Bach (minabach.co.uk) Print and digital versions typeset by Siliconchips Services Ltd. ISBN (Paperback): 978–1-912656–38-7 ISBN (PDF): 978–1-912656–39-4 ISBN (EPUB): 978–1-912656–40-0 ISBN (Kindle): 978–1-912656–41-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.16997/book38 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. This license allows for copying and distributing the work, providing author attribution is clearly stated, that you are not using the material for commercial purposes, and that modified versions are not distributed. The full text of this book has been peer-reviewed to ensure high academic standards. For full review policies, see: http://www. uwestminsterpress.co.uk/site/publish. Competing interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare. Suggested citation: Rouzé, V. 2019 (ed). Cultural Crowdfunding: Platform Capitalism, Labour and Globalization London: University of Westminster Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16997/book38 License: CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 To read the free, open access version of this book online, visit https://doi.org/10.16997/book38 or scan this QR code with your mobile device ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=5 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED Contents 1. Introduction 1 Vincent Rouzé Participation in Words 1 Toward Financial Participation: Cultural Crowdfunding 2 A New Paradigm for Production and Cultural Value? 4 Plan of the Book 6 Research Context 8 Notes and References 9 2. Crowdsourcing and Crowdfunding: The Origins of a New System? 15 Vincent Rouzé Crowdsourcing, Crowdfunding: One and the Same Thing? 16 Crowdfunding: A Revolution? 19 Crowdfunding: An Old Story Reinvented 20 1. A History Legitimated by the Internet 21 2. A History Legitimated by Pre-Digital Collaborative Cultural Financing and Production 23 The Logic of Gift–Counter-Gift in Question 26 Conclusion 28 Notes and References 29 3. Far from an Alternative: Intermediation Apparatuses 35 Vincent Rouzé Defining the Alternative 36 Apparatuses Adapted to Market Strategies 39 1. Discussing the Typology of Platforms 40 2. Generalist platforms 40 3. Niche Platforms 42 4. Local Platforms 43 5. Combined Platforms 44 6. Integrated Platforms 44 The ‘Ecosystem’ as a Stimulus for Extensive Partnerships 45 Apparatuses for Political and Legislative Action 47 Platforms as Technical Apparatuses 48 Platforms for Artists and Creation? 49 Conclusion 53 Notes and References 54 4. Participatory Cultural Platforms and Labour 59 Jacob Matthews and Vincent Rouzé Towards Gamification, or Invisible Labour 61 Organizing and Optimizing Labour 63 1. Inside Platforms 63 2. Project Creators 64 3. The ‘Community’ 66 4. The Professional ‘Ecosystem’ 67 Train, Educate, Agitate 67 1. Promotional Discourses 68 2. The Importance of Education 70 Conclusion 73 Notes and References 75 5. Globalization and the Logics of Capitalism 79 Jacob Matthews, Stéphane Costantini and Alix Bénistant The Diferent Categories of Players Present in the Regions 82 A Diversity of Players, a Repertoire of Common Discourses 85 1. Project Creators and Endogenous Cultural Workers 85 2. Platform Managers and Other Endogenous Entrepreneurs 87 3. Exogenous Players and International Organizations 89 4. National Public Players 91 ‘Pedagogical’ Guidance and Workforce Education 93 Conclusion 95 Notes and References 97 6. General Conclusion 99 Vincent Rouzé In the Service of Cultural Democratization? 100 Criticism of These Innovations 101 Living in Project Mode 103 References 105 The Editor and Contributors 107 Index 109 ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=6 | PRINTED_PAGE=vi vi Contents ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=7 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED Contents vii ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=8 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED ## PDF_PHYSICAL_PAGE_INDEX=9 | PRINTED_PAGE=NOT_DETECTED Introduction Vincent Rouzé Participation in Words The early years of the twenty-first century saw the emergence of the idea of a ‘collaborative’ web, a Web 2.0 where Internet users would actively participate in producing content and creating value from it. Following the financial crises and especially the dotcom crash, the term ‘Web 2.0’ was coined in 2005 by the American entrepreneur and expert Tim O’Reilly, with a view to rebuilding confidence among investors in the Internet (Fuchs 2008). O’Reilly was one of the first to popularize the idea that the Internet would now be based on a participative model in which the user would go from being a mere consumer to a ‘content generator’ (Le Deuf 2007). An identical vision was implicit in the notion of ‘social media’, which became common currency in the same period, despite its vagueness. In line with these diferent discursive propositions, specialized technical and economic apparatuses or dispositifs1 for extracting value from communication flows on the web began to emerge: search engines, blogging platforms, content aggregators, virtual worlds, platforms for broadcasting video, social networks, and so on. Distinctive to these platforms is their heavy dependence on the contributions of their own user communities. The discourses underpinning the participative and/or collaborative aspect of the Internet, along with their ‘implementations’, all seem to come back to the idea that pooling together the eforts of individuals can open up a better future, one of greater solidarity and equality. The preferred tool for this is the Internet and, more broadly, digital technologies as a whole, through platforms for information exchange, and especially for crowdsourcing (i.e. collectively producing and analyzing data), crowdfunding, and providing services (like Uber and Airbnb). One can see that the principles of innovation, revolution, communities, action, and networking—are all very much present in digital discourses. It is at somewhat paradoxical to observe elements of these discourses actually suggesting a correspondence between their usages of the terms participation or collaboration and the communist project itself, that of ‘an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all (Marx and Engels 2008: 62). CHAPTER 1 How to cite this book chapter: Rouzé, V. 2019. Introduction. In: Rouzé, V. (ed.) Cultural Crowdfunding: Platform Capitalism, Labour and Globalization. Pp. 1–13. London: University of Westminster Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16997/book38.a. License: CC‐BY‐NC‐ND 4.0 下一段：[继续读取](https://workshop.closeclaw.top/api/ai/read/171eb612-d523-4536-900d-5453dce83960.md?start=10&limit=10)